Gardiner Sign List

A1 𓀀

seated man

Ideo. in 𓊃𓀀𓏤 s (si) 'man'. Ideo. or det. 'I', 'me' in 𓀀 i, 𓅱𓀀 wi, 𓏌𓎡 ink, 𓎡𓅱𓀀 kwi. Det. man's relationships or occupations, exx. 𓅭𓏤𓀀 sꜢ 'son'; 𓋴𓍋𓂋smr 'courtier'; 𓎛𓅨𓂋𓅱𓅨𓀀 ḥwrw 'wretch'; 𓁹𓂋𓂋 irr 'doer'; also personal names, ex. 𓋹𓈖𓐍𓅱𓀀 ꜥnḫw 'ꜥAnkhu'. In personal names, 𓀀𓏥 is abbrev. for 𓂋𓎛𓅱𓀀𓏥 rḥw 'men', ex. 𓀀𓏥𓋹𓈖𓐍 Rḥw-ꜥnḫ 'Reḥuꜥonkh'. Seated man and woman with plural strokes: Det. people and their occupations, exx. 𓂋𓍿𓀀𓁐𓏥 rmṯ 'people'; 𓌙𓅓𓅱𓀀𓁐𓏥 ꜥꜢmw 'Asiatics'; 𓂸𓏏𓂋𓅱𓂭𓂭𓀀𓁐𓏥 mtrw 'witnesses'.

A2 𓀁

man with hand to mouth

Det. eat, exx. 𓃹𓈖𓅓𓀁 wnm 'eat'; 𓎛𓈎𓂋𓀁 ḥqr 'hungry'; drink, ex. 𓋴𓅨𓂋𓇋𓈗𓀁 sw(r)i 'drink'; speak, exx. 𓋴𓆓𓂧𓀁 sḏd 'relate'; 𓎼𓂋𓀁 gr 'be silent'; think, ex. 𓎡𓄿𓀁 kꜢi 'devise'; feel, ex. 𓌻𓂋𓀁 mri 'love'.

A3 𓀂

man sitting on heel

Det. in 𓈞𓊃𓀂 ḥmsi 'sit'. Replaced in hieratic by 𓀔 A 17 or 𓀕 A 17* or even by 𓁓 B 4.

A4 𓀃

man with arms raised

Det. supplicate, ex. 𓇼𓄿𓀃 dwꜢ 'adore'; hide, exx. 𓋴𓂧𓎼𓄿𓀃𓂻 sdgꜢ 'be hidden'; 𓇋𓏠𓈖𓀃 imn 'hide'.

A5 𓀄

man hiding behind wall

Det. hide, ex. 𓇋𓏠𓈖𓀄𓏛 imn 'hide'.

A6 𓀆

man receiving purification (in M.E. usually replaced by 𓃂 D 60)

Ideo. in 𓀆 var. Pyr. 𓅱𓂝𓃂 wꜥb 'pure', 'clean'.

A7 𓀉

man sinking to ground from fatigue

Det. weary, weak, exx. 𓅨𓂋𓂧𓀉 wrd 'tire'; 𓃀𓂧𓈙𓀉 bdš 'faint'; 𓎼𓈖𓈖𓀉 gnn 'be soft'.

A8 𓀊

man performing the hnw-rite

Det. in 𓉔𓈖𓏌𓅱𓀊 hnw 'jubilation'.

A9 𓀋

man steadying basket (𓎺 W 10) on his head

Det. in 𓄿𓍿𓊪𓀋 abbrev. 𓀋𓂝 Ꜣṯp 'load'; 𓆑𓄿𓀋 abbrev. 𓀋𓂝 fꜢi 'carry'; 𓂓𓏏𓀋 abbrev. 𓀋 kꜢt 'work'.

A10 𓀌

man holding oar

Det. in 𓋴𓐪𓂧𓏌𓀌 sqdw 'sail'.

A11 𓀍

man holding the aba scepter 𓌂 S 42 and crook 𓋿 S 39 (O.K.)

O.K. ideo. or det in 𓀍 var. 𓐍𓈖𓅓𓋴𓀍 ḫnms 'friend'. Later replaced by 𓀙 A 21.

A12 𓀎

soldier with bow and quiver

Ideo. or det. in 𓀎𓏪 var. 𓅓𓈙𓂝𓀎 mšꜥ 'army'. Det. in 𓏠𓈖𓆑𓇋𓇋𓏏𓀎𓏪 mnfyt 'soldiers'

A13 𓀏

man with arms tied behind his back

Det. enemy, exx. 𓋴𓃀𓇋𓌙𓀏 sbi 'rebel'; 𓐍𓏏𓆑𓀏 ḫfty 'enemy'.

A14 𓀐

man with blood streaming from his head.

Det. die, ex. 𓅓𓏏𓀐 mwt 'die'; enemy, ex. 𓐍𓏏𓆑𓀐 ḫfty 'enemy'.

A14* 𓀑

as A 14 but blood interpreted as an axe

Use as A 14.

A15 𓀒

man falling

Ideo. or det. in 𓐍𓂋𓀒 ḫr ‘fall’ and derivatives. Abbrev. 𓀒𓅱 for 𓐍𓂋𓅱𓀒 ḫrw ‘fallen (i.e. conquered) enemy’; also 𓀒𓏏 for 𓋴𓐍𓂋𓏏𓀒 sḫrt ‘overthrow’ (infinitive).

A16 𓀓

man bowing down

Det. in 𓎡𓋴𓀓 ksi ‘bow down’.

A17 𓀔

child sitting (on lap) with hand to mouth

Det. young, exx. 𓂋𓈖𓊪𓆳𓀔 rnpi ‘be young’; 𓈙𓂋𓇋𓀔 šri ‘child’; 𓈖𓌰𓅓𓎛𓀔𓅪 nmḥ ‘orphan’. Abbrev. 𓀔𓀀, 𓀔 for 𓄡𓂋𓂧𓀔 ẖrd ‘child’. Phon. nni in 𓇓𓏏𓈖𓀔𓈖𓈖𓊖Nni-nsw ‘Heracleopolis’.

A17* 𓀕

child in sitting posture, arms hanging down

Adapted from hieratic, where it replaces 𓀂 A 3, ex. 𓈞𓊃𓀔 ḥmsi ‘sit’, or 𓀔 A 17, ex. 𓄟𓅱𓀔𓏥msw ‘children’.

A18 𓀖

child with crown of Lower Egypt 𓋔 S 3

Det. child-king, exx. 𓇋𓈖𓊪𓀖 inp 'crown prince', 'royal child'; 𓎘𓎛𓀖 wḏḥ 'weaned princeling'.

A19 𓀗

bent man leaning on stick (clearly distinquishable from 𓀙 A 21 in hieratic, not always so in hieroglyphic).

Ideo. or det. old, in 𓇋𓄿𓅱𓀗 var. 𓀗 iꜢw 'old'; 𓋴𓅓𓋴𓅱𓀗 var. 𓀗 smsw (śmśw) 'eldest'; great in 𓅨𓂋𓀗 var. 𓀗 wr 'great one', 'chief'. Det. old, also in 𓏏𓈖𓇋𓀗 tni 'old'; lean, exx. 𓂋𓉔𓈖𓀗 rhn 'lean; 𓏏𓍯𓄿𓀗 twꜢ 'support oneself'. Phon. or phon. det. ik (from a rare iꜢk be aged) in 𓇋𓎡𓀗 var. 𓀗𓇋𓇋 iky 'miner', 'hewer of stone'. In M.K. hieratic 𓎛𓀗𓀜 is written for ḥwi, ḥii 'strike'.

A20 𓀘

man leaning on forked stick, less senile than 𓀗 A 19

Ideo. or det. in 𓀘 much rarer var. 𓋴𓅓𓋴𓅱𓀘 smsw (śmśw) 'eldest', especially in 𓅭𓏤𓆑𓀘 sꜢ=f smsw 'his eldest son', cf. Pyr. 𓅭𓊃𓎡𓋴𓅓𓇓𓅱𓏯 zꜢ=k śmśw, and in the title 𓀘𓇯 var. 𓋴𓅓𓋴𓅱𓉔𓇋𓇋𓏏𓇯𓀀 smsw hyt 'elder of the portal'

A21 𓀙

man holding stick in one hand and handkerchief in the other (always distinct from 𓀗 A 19 in hieratic)

Ideo. or det. in 𓋴𓂋𓀙 var. 𓀙sr (śr) 'official', 'noble'. Det. magnate, exx. 𓍲𓈖𓇋𓇋𓏏𓀙𓀀𓏥 šnyt 'courtiers'; 𓋴𓍋𓅓𓂋𓀙 smr 'courtier', 'friend' (of the king). Also det. in 𓐍𓈖𓌰𓅓𓋴𓀙 ḫnms 'friend', here replacing an older sign 𓀍 A 11; in 𓂙𓈖𓍘𓀙 ẖnti 'statue' replacing 𓀚 A 22. In hieroglyphic 𓀙 is often hard to distinguish from 𓀗 A 19 (in the word wr 'chief') and from 𓀘 A 20.

A22 𓀚

statue of a man with stick in ꜥbꜣ-sceptre 𓌂 S 42

Det. in 𓂙𓈖𓏏𓀚 ẖnt(y) 'statue' and in 𓏏𓅱𓏏𓀚 twt 'statue'. The form of the sign varies according to the nature of the statue to be depicted.

A23 𓀛

king with stick and club 𓌉 T 3

Det. in 𓇋𓍘𓇋𓇋𓀛 ity 'sovereign'.

A24 𓀜

man striking with stick

Det. in 𓎛𓀜 ḥwi, ḥii ‘strike’. Hence det. force, effort, exx. 𓈖𓆱𓐍𓏏𓀜 abbrev. 𓀜 nḫt ‘strong’; nḥm ‘take away’; 𓎛𓂝𓍑𓄿𓀜 ḥꜥḏꜢ ‘plunder’; 𓋴𓃀𓇼𓄿𓀜 sbꜢ ‘teach’. In Dyn XVIII hieroglyphic 𓀜 is mostly replaced by 𓂡 D 40, which either as 𓂡 or 𓂝 is also common in hieratic.

A25 𓀝

man striking, with left arm hanging behind back

Rare ideo. used in 𓀝 ḥwi, ḥii 'strike'. In papyri of Dyn. XII 'strike' is written 𓎛𓀗𓀜 with a sign identical to 𓀗 A 19.

A26 𓀞

man with one arm raised in invocation

Det. call, exx. 𓈖𓇋𓋴𓀞 nis 'call', 'summon'; 𓈋𓇋𓀞 ḏwi 'call'. Abbrev. ꜥš in 𓄔𓀞 sḏm-ꜥš 'servant', lit. 'one who hears the call'. Det. in the vocative interjection 𓇋𓀞 i 'O'.

A27 𓀟

man hastening with one arm raised

Cf. Pyr. 𓇋𓏎𓂻𓂻𓂻 inw 'messengers'. Hence phon. in in 𓇋𓀟𓈖 in 'by'.

A28 𓀠

man with both arms raised

Det. high, in 𓈎𓄿𓀠 vꜥrr. 𓈎𓀠𓏛, 𓀠 ḳꜢ(i) 'be high'. Det. joy, exx. 𓎛𓂝𓀠 ḥꜥi 'rejoice'; 𓋴𓍯𓈙𓀠 swꜢš 'extol'; mourn, in 𓎛𓄿𓀠 ḥꜢi 'mourn'; also, for unknown reasons, in 𓇋𓄿𓋴𓀠 iꜢs 'bald'.

A29 𓀡

man upside-down

Det. in 𓋴𓐍𓂧𓀡 sḫd 'be upside down'.

A30 𓀢

man with arms outstreched (cf. 𓀃 A 4)

Det. praise, exx. 𓇋𓄿𓅱𓀢 iꜢw 'praise'; 𓇼𓀢 dwꜢ 'adore'; 𓋴𓍯𓈙𓀢 swꜢš 'extol'; supplicate, ex. 𓏏𓍯𓄿𓀢 twꜢ 'claim'; awe, in 𓏏𓂋𓆵𓀢𓏛 tr 'show respect for'.

A31 𓀣

man with arms stretched out behind him

Det. turn away, ex. 𓂝𓈖𓏌𓅱𓀣 ꜥnw 'averted' (face).

A32 𓀤

man dancing

Det. dance, ex 𓐍𓃀𓀤 ḫbi 'dance'; joy, ex. 𓉔𓇋𓇋𓉔𓈖𓏌𓅱𓀤 hy-hnw 'jubilate'.

A33 𓀦

man with stick and bundle or mat on shoulder

Ideo. in 𓀦 var. 𓏠𓈖𓇋𓅱𓀦 m(i)niw 'herdsman'. Det. wanderer, exx. 𓂋𓅱𓀦 rwi 'wander'; 𓈙𓌳𓄿𓅓𓅱𓀦𓀀𓏥 šm(Ꜣ)w 'wanderers', 'strangers'.

A34 𓀧

man pounding in a mortar

Det. in 𓐍𓅱𓋴𓀧 ḫwsi 'pound', 'build'.

A35 𓀨

man building a wall

Ideo. or det. in 𓐪𓂧𓏌𓀨 var. 𓀨 qd 'build'.

A36 𓀩

man kneading and straining into a vessel

Ideo. or det. in 𓀩𓏏𓏭𓀜 var. 𓂝𓆑𓏏𓀩, 𓀪𓏏𓏭 ꜥfty 'brewer'.

A37 𓀪

commoner form of last

Use as last.

A38 𓀫

man holding necks of two emblematic animals with panther heads (Dyn. XII)

Ideo. in 𓀫 varr. 𓀬, 𓈎𓇋𓋴𓊖 Qis, var. Dyn. XVIII 𓀫𓋴𓏭𓊖 Qsy 'Cusae', the modern town of El-Kusiyah in Upper Egypt.

A39 𓀬

alternative form of last

Use as last.

A40 𓀭

seated god (Note the slightly curved beard and straight wig)

Det. god (replacing earlier 𓅆 G 7), exx. 𓊪𓏏𓎛𓀭 Ptḥ 'Ptah'; 𓏠𓈖𓍿𓅱𓀭 Mnṯw '(the god) Mont'. Ideo. or det. 'I', 'me', in 𓀭 =i, 𓅱𓀭 =wi, 𓏌𓎡𓀭 ink when a god is speaking or, in Dyn. XII, the king.

A41 𓀯

king. (Note uraeus on brow, straight beard, and coif)

Det. king (common Dyn. XVIII), exx. 𓇓𓏏𓈖nsw 'king'; 𓍛𓏤𓀯 ḥm 'majesty; 𓎟𓀯 nb 'the Lord' . Ideo. or det. 'I', 'me' in 𓀯 =i, 𓅱𓀯 =wi, 𓏌𓎡𓀯 =ink when the king is speaking.

A42 𓀰

the same but with flagellum 𓌅 S 45.

Use as last (common Dyn XVIII).

A43 𓀲

king wearing crown of Upper Egypt 𓋑 S 1

Ideo. or det. in 𓇓𓏏𓈖𓀲 nsw (nzw, ni-śwt) 'king of Upper Egypt', 'king'. Det. 𓊨𓁹𓀲 Wsir 'Osiris'.

A44 𓀴

the same, but with flagellum 𓌅 S 45

Use as last.

A45 𓀵

king wearing crown of Lower Egypt

Ideo. or det. in 𓆤𓏏𓀵 var. 𓀵 bity 'king of Lower Egypt'.

A46 𓀷

the same, but with flagellum 𓌅 S 45

Use as last.

A47 𓀸

shepherd seated and wrapped in mantle, holding a stick with appendage.

Ideo. in 𓀸𓅱 var. Pyr. 𓏠𓈖𓇋𓅱𓀜 m(i)niw 'herdsman'. Ideo. or det. in 𓊃𓅭𓄿𓀸𓀜 sꜢw 'guard', 'protect'. Sometimes inaccurately for 𓀹 A 48 in 𓇋𓂋𓀸 iry 'relating to'.

A48 𓀹

beardless man (or woman?) holding knife (?)

Ideo.(?) or det. iry in 𓇋𓂋𓀸 var. 𓀸'relating to', 'belonging to'.

A49 𓀺

Syrian seated holding stick

Det. foreigner, exx. 𓌙𓅓𓅱𓀺𓏪 ꜥꜢmw 'Asiatics'; 𓉺𓉺𓉺𓐮𓄿𓀺𓀺𓀺 Iwntyw-štyw 'Nubian bowmen'.

A50 𓀻

man of rank seated on chair

Det. revered persons (M.K.; in Dyn. XVIII mainly replaced by 𓀼 A 51 and 𓀽 A 52), exx. 𓋴𓈖𓃀𓅱𓀻snbw 'Sonbu', or personal name; 𓋴𓍋𓅓𓂋𓀻𓏪 smr(w) 'courtiers'. Ideo. or det. 'I', 'me' on M.K. coffins in 𓀻 =i, 𓅱𓀻 =wi, 𓏌𓎡𓀻 =ink. Rarely ideo. like 𓀼 A 51 in 𓀻 šps (špś) 'noble'.

A51 𓀼

the same with flagellum S 45

Ideo. in špsi (špśi)'be noble' and related words. After M.K., often det. revered persons. ex. imyw-ḥꜢt 'those of former times'.

A52 𓀽

noble squatting with flagellum S 45 (common in Dyn. XVIII)

Det. revered persons, especially personal names, ex. PꜢ-ḥry 'Paheri', a man's name; sꜥḥ 'deceased noble'. Rarely also for A 51 in šps 'noble'.

A53 𓀾

mummy upright

Det. mummy, ex. wi 'mummy'; statue, likeness, ex. twt 'statue'; form, shape, exx. ki 'form'; ḫprw 'forms', 'stages of growth'.

A54 𓀿

recumbent mummy

Det, dead, exx. m(i)ni 'death'; nb-ꜥnḫ 'sarcophagus', lit. 'lord-of-life'.

A55 𓁀

mummy lying on bed (replacing O.K. form with man on bed).

Det., lie, ex. sḏr 'lie', 'spend all night'; death, exx. ḫpt 'deceased'; ẖꜢt 'corpse'.

A59 𓁄

man threatening with stick

Det. 'drive away' in 𓋴𓁷𓂋𓁄 sḥr 'drive away'.

B1 𓁐

seated woman

Det. female, exx. st ‘woman’; ḥmt ‘woman’, ‘wife’; ntrt ‘goddess’; woman’s relationships, exx. sꜢt ‘daughter’; ẖꜢrt ‘widow’; her occupations, exx. ḥmt ‘female slave’; šmꜥyt ‘chantress’; her name, ex. Nfrt ‘Nofret’. As suffix 1st pers. sing. ‘I’, ‘my’ (fem.) i has not been noted before Dyn XIX.

B2 𓁑

pregnant woman

Det. pregnant, exx. iwr ‘conceive’; bkꜢ ‘be pregnant’.

B3 𓁒

woman giving birth

Ideo. or det. in msi (mśi) ‘bear’, ‘give birth’ and the related words.

B4 𓁓

combination of sign for a squatting woman (cf. B 3) with F 31.

Use as last. In one hieratic MS. substituted for A 3.

B5 𓁔

woman suckling child

Det. ‘suckle’ in mnꜥt ‘nurse’, ‘foster-mother’.

B6 𓁖

woman seated on chair with child on lap

Det. ‘nurse’ in rnn ‘nurse’, ‘rear’.

B7 𓁗

queen wearing diadem and carrying flower

Det. of names of queens.

C1 𓁚

god with sun and uraeus on head

Ideo. or det. in Rꜥ (the sun god) Ra.

C2 𓁛

god with head of falcon bearing sun on head G 9 and holding ankh S 34

Ideo. or det. in Rꜥ '(the sun god) Ra'.

C3 𓁟

god with head of ibis

Ideo. or det. in Ḏhwty 'Thoth'.

C4 𓁠

god with head of ram E 10

Ideo. or det. in H̱nmw 'Khnum'.

C5 𓁡

the same holding ankh S 34

Use as last.

C6 𓁢

god with head of dog E 15

Ideo. or det. in ꜥI͗npw 'Anubis'; also in Wp-wꜢwt 'Wepwawet'.

C7 𓁣

god with head of Seth animal E 20

Ideo. in Stẖ (Śtš) 'Seth'.

C8 𓁤

ithyphallic god with feathers, uplifted arm and flagellum S 45

Ideo. or det. in Mnw 'Min'.

C9 𓁥

goddess with sun and horns

Ideo. or det. in Ḥt-ḥr 'Hathor'.

C10 𓁦

goddess with feather on head

Ideo. or det. in MꜢꜥt 'Maat', the goddess of Truth.

C11 𓁨

god with arms supporting (the sky) and M 4 on head (often also without M 4)

Ideo. in Ḥḥ ('one of the gods) Heh'. Hence pron. ḥḥ in ḥḥ 'millions', 'many'.

C12 𓁩

Amun

Ideo. or det. for Amun. (Dyn XIX and later).

C17 𓁮

Montu

Ideo. or det. for Montu (Dyn. XIX and later)

C18 𓁯

Tjanen

Ideo. or det. for Tjanen (Dyn XIX and later).

C19 𓁰

Ptah

Ideo. or det. in Ptaḥ (Dyn. XIX and later).

C20 𓁱

Ptah

Ideo. or det. for Ptaḥ (Dyn. XIX and later).

D1 𓁶

head in profile

Ideo. in tp 'head' and tpy 'chief', 'first'. Det. head, exx. ḏꜢḏꜢ 'head'; ḥꜢ 'back of head', whence prep. ḥꜢ 'behind' and mkḥꜢ 'neglect'; dhnt 'forehead', whence dhn 'promote', etc.; perhaps with notion throttle, in gwꜢwꜢ 'fetter', 'bind fast'. Possible possessed the value ḏꜢḏꜢ in some cases where there is no evidence to prove it. Of the two words for 'head' ḏꜢḏꜢ alone has survived into Coptic.

D2 𓁷

face

Ideo. in ḥr 'face' and derivatives. Hence the phon. ḥr, exx. ḥr 'prepare'; dḥr 'bitter', 'sour'.

D3 𓁸

hair

Det. hair, exx. šny 'hair'; skm 'grey-haired'; skin, exx. iwn 'complexion', 'nature'; inm 'skin'; mourn, in iꜢkb 'mourn'; bald, empty, forlorn, exx. wš 'fall out (of hair)', whence abbrev. in gm wš 'found defective' (of damaged writing or pictures); ẖꜢrt 'widow'.

D4 𓁹

eye

Ideo. in irt 'eye'. Hence phone ir, exx. iri 'make'; irtt 'milk'. Det see, in mꜢꜢ 'see', whence as phon. mꜢ in mꜢw 'lions'. Early det. in other words for see, look, and in connection with other notions involving the eye, exx. dgi 'look', šp 'blind'; rmi 'weep'; rs 'be wakeful'; later, especially in Dyn. XVIII, mainly replaced as det. by the more specific signs D 5, D 6, D 7 and D 9. From the end of Dyn. XVIII a masc. dual ...wy 'eyes' is occasionally found, but whether this points to the existence of a masc. word ir 'eye' is uncertain.

D5 𓁺

eye touched up with paint

Det. actions or conditions of eye, exx. dgi 'look'; šp 'blind'; rs 'be wakeful'.

D6 𓁻

later alternative to last

Use as last.

D7 𓁼

eye with painted lower lid

Det. adorn, exx. msḏmt 'eye paint'; ꜥn (ꜥin) 'beautiful'. From the latter, phon. det. ꜥn, ex. ꜥnw (ꜥinw) 'ꜥAinu', a place-name, see B 8. The use as det. see etc., ex. ptr 'behold', is abnormal.

D8 𓁽

eye enclosed in sign for land N 18

Det in ꜥnw, ꜥ(i)nw 'ꜥAinu', the quarry at the moder Turah whence inr ḥḏ nfr n ꜥnw 'fine white (lime)stone of ꜥAinu' was obtained. Hance phon. det. in ꜥn 'beautiful'. See too above D 7.

D9 𓁿

eye with flowing tears

Ideo. or det. in rmi 'weep', 'beweep'.

D10 𓂀

human eye with the markings of a falcon's head

Ideo. or det. in wḏꜢt 'the wḏꜢt-eye' (or wedjat eye), i.e. the sound (uninjured) eye of Horus.

D11 𓂁

part of the white of the wedjat-eye

Sign for 1/2 hekat-measure of corn.

D12 𓂂

pupil of the eye

Det. in ḏfḏ 'pupil' of eye. As part of the wḏꜢt-eye sign for 1/4 hekat-measure of corn. A similar, but smaller, sign appears to have been used for from 1 to 9 hekat. To be distinguished from the grain of sand N 33, and from the circle, see after Z 8.

D13 𓂃

eye-brow (also part of the wedjat-eye)

Sign for 1/8 hekat-measure of corn. Also doubled as det. for inḥ 'eye-brow(s)'. Det. or phon. det. in some words connected with smd (śmd) 'eye-brow' itself not found until Greek times.

D14 𓂄

the other (see D 11) part of the white of the wedjat-eye

Sign for 1/16 hekat-measure of corn.

D15 𓂅

one of the markings of the wedjat-eye

Sign for 1/32 hekat-measure of corn.

D16 𓂆

another of the markings of the wedjat-eye

Sign for 1/64 hekat-measure of corn.

D17 𓂇

markings of the wedjat-eye (nos. D 15 and 16 together)

Ideo. or det. in tit 'figure', 'image'.

D18 𓂈

ear

Ideo. or det. in msḏr 'ear', dual msḏrwy 'the two ears'.

D19 𓂉

nose, eye and cheek

Ideo. or det. in fnḏ, later fnd, 'nose'. Det. nose, ex. 'nose', 'nostril'; smell, exx. tpi 'sniff'; sn 'smell'; face, in ḫnt 'face'; joy, exx. rš(w) 'rejoice'; ḫntš 'take pleasure'; soft, kind, ex. sfn 'be mild'; also in bṯn 'be disobedient'; gfn 'rebuff'. From ḫnt 'face' (see above), phon. det. and (seldom before Dyn XIX) phon. ḫnt, exx. ḫnty 'in front of' (adj). Owing to similarity in hieratic sometimes appears in hieroglyphic for Aa 32, ex. sty 'red (?) Nubian (?) pigment'; also for U 31, ex. ḫni for ḫn(r)i 'restrain'; the hieratic has been often transcribed wrongly in modern books. Confusion of two different stems has contributed to the confusion of signs in words like ḫnrt, varr. ḫnt 'prison', 'harem', 'fortress', which are consequently hard to differentiate.

D20 𓂊

semi-cursive variant of last

Use as last, but seldom in careful sculptures or paintings.

D21 𓂋

mouth (Dyn. XII rarely verticle)

Ideo. in r (rꜢ) 'mouth'. Hence phon. r. In group-writing with stroke value is r, ex. ibr 'stallion'. re: Monograms incorporating D 21: For see M 6. For see M 24. For see M 25.

D22 𓂌

mouth with two strokes attached

Ideo. in rwy 'two-thirds'.

D23 𓂍

mouth with three strokes attached

Ideo. in 'three-quarters', probable reading ḫmt rw.

D24 𓂎

upper lip with teeth

Ideo. in spt, var. Pyr. śpt, 'lip', 'border' (of pool, etc). Occasionally used by mistake for F 42.

D25 𓂏

two lips with teeth

Ideo. or det. in spty (śpty) 'lips'.

D26 𓂐

liquid issuing from lips

Det. spit, ex. psg 'spit'; vomit, exx. bši 'vomit''qꜢꜥ, var. qꜥ, 'spew out'; blood, in snf 'blood'.

D27 𓂑

breast

Ideo. or det. in mnḏ, later var. mnd, 'breast'. Det. suckle, exx. snq 'suckle'; mnꜥy 'tutor' (det. transferred from mnꜥt 'nurse').

D27* 𓂒

breast (rather commoner shape)

Use as last

D28 𓂓

arms extended so as to embrace?

Ideo. in kꜢ 'soul', 'spirit'. Phon. kꜢ, exx. kꜢt 'work'; ḥkꜢ 'magic'. In group-writing is phon. k.

D29 𓂔

combination of D 28 and R 12

In kꜢ 'soul', regarded as divine nature.

D30 𓂕

the sign D 28 with an appendage

Det. in Nḥb-kꜢw 'Uniter-of-attributes', name of a mythical serpent-deity.

D31 𓂖

combination of D 32 and U 36

In ḥm-kꜢ 'servant of the ka', 'ka-priest'.

D32 𓂘

arms enclosing or embracing

Det. envelop, embrace, exx. inq 'envelop'; ḥpt 'embrace'; open arms in pgꜢ 'unfold'.

D33 𓂙

arms engaged in rowing

Ideo. in ẖni 'row' and derivatives. Hence phon. ẖn, ex. ẖnnw 'turmoil'.

D34 𓂚

arms holding shield and battle-axe

Ideo. in ꜥḥꜢ 'fight' and derivatives.

D34* 𓂛

O.K. form of last

Use as last.

D35 𓂜

arms in gesture of negation

Ideo. in n and nn 'not'. Hence phon. n, exx. n 'to', 'for'; nnšm 'spleen'. Ideo. also in iwty, var. iwti, 'which not'. Det. not know, in ḫm 'be ignorant'; hence phon. det. ḫm, exx. ḫm 'shrine'; also with metathesis mḫ, in smḫ 'forget'.

D36 𓂝

forearm

Ideo. in ꜥ 'arm', 'hand'. Hence phon. ꜥ . Also in hieratic, less often in hieroglyphic, as substitute for D 37, D 38, , D 39, D 40, D 41, D 42, D 43, D 44. For see D 59. For see G 20. For see G 45. For see M 27. For see O 12. For see P 7. For see Aa 22.

D37 𓂞

forearm with hand holding X 8

In Pyr. almost exclusively ideo. in imi 'give', imperative, whereas is there common both as (r)di and as imi. In M.K. and later is commoner than both in rdi and in di, but tends in the imperative imi to be replaced by D 38. In Dyn. XI sometimes replaced by D 40 or D 44. Phon d (from di) in Ddw 'Busiris'; also mi or merely m (from imi), exx. Kmi 'Kemi', name of a queen; mk 'behold'. For see G 19.

D38 𓂟

forearm with hand holding a rounded loaf

In M.K. and more frequently in Dyn. XVIII det. in imi 'give'. Hence phon. mi and more commonly m, exx. mki 'protect'; I͗tm "Atum'.

D39 𓂠

forearm with hand holding bowl W 24

Det. offer, present, exx. ḥnk 'present'; drp 'offer'. In Dyn. IX-XII occasionally as substitute for D 37 or D 38, ex rdi 'who causes'; Mkt-Rꜥ 'Mekera', the name of a man; also for D 36 ex. m-ꜥ 'in the hand of'.

D40 𓂡

forearm with hand holding stick

From M.K. on tends to replace A 24, exx. nḫt 'strong'; itḥ 'drag'. Also abbrev. for ḫꜢi 'examine'. In Dyn XI sometimes replaces D 37, see there.

D41 𓂢

forearm with palm of hand down

Det. arm, exx. gbꜢ 'arm'; rmn 'arm', 'shoulder'; iꜢby 'left'; det. various actions involving movements of arms, exx. ẖms 'bend', 'bow'; rqi 'incline'; ḥsi 'sing'; cessation of movement, exx. grḥ 'cease'; ni 'reject'. From this last, phon. or phon. det. ni exx. niw 'ostrich'; niw 'bowl'.

D42 𓂣

forearm as last, but with upper arm straight

Ideo. or det. in mḥ 'cubit'.

D43 𓂤

forearm with hand holding flagellum S 45

Ideo. in ḫwi 'protect'. Hence phon. ḫw, exx. ḫww 'evil'; sḫdw 'enrich'.

D44 𓂥

forearm with handholding the aba scepter S 42

Det. in ḫrp 'be at the head of'', 'control', 'administer', and derivatives.

D45 𓂦

arm with hand holding the nhbt-wand

Ideo. or det. in ḏsr, var. Pyr. ḏśr, 'clear (a road)', 'be private', 'holy', and derivatives.

D46 𓂧

hand

Ideo. in ḏrt, occasional varr. ḏꜢt 'hand'. Phon. d, from the old Semitic word yad 'hand', cf. Egypt. wdi 'put', 'push', 'emit (sound)'.

D46* 𓂨

hand letting fall drops

Ideo. in idt 'fragrance'.

D47 𓂩

hand with curved palm

Det. in ḏrt 'hand' when written phonetically; see last.

D48 𓂪

hand without thumb

Ideo. in šsp 'palm', more strictly 'a hand-breadth', a linear measure.

D49 𓂬

fist

Det. grasp, in Ꜣmm 'grasp'; ḫfꜥ 'seize'.

D50 𓂭

finger

Ideo. or det. in ḏbꜥ 'finger' and related words. Hence phon. ḏbꜥ, ex. ḏbꜥ '10,000'. The two fingers serve as det. accurate, exx. ꜥqꜢ 'accurate'; mty (mtr?) 'precise'; also in derivatives of these stems. Apt to be confused in hieroglyphic texts with T 14, though quite distince in hieratic.

D51 𓂷

finger horizontally

Ideo. or det. in ꜥnt 'nail'. Det. for obscure reasons in ḫꜢi 'measure'; ṯꜢi 'take', 'gird on'; dqr 'press'. From the last, phon. det. dqr in dqr(w) 'fruit'. As abbrev. appears also to represent qꜢw 'grains(?)' in the medical papyri. In nqꜥwt 'notched sycamore figs' either replaces a nail-like notching instrument or more probably expresses the general notion of scratching.

D52 𓂸

phallus

Det. male, exx. ꜥꜢ 'ass'; ṯꜢy 'male', 'man'; kꜢ 'bull'. Phon. mt, exx. mtwt 'poison'; ḫmt 'three'. In O.K. this sign is used of the organ and all that is characterized by it, while D 53 expresses what issues from or is performed by it. In M.K. the use differs somewhat and is less consistent.

D53 𓂺

phallus with liquid issuing from it

For the use of as contrasted with D 52, see the latter. Det. in ḥnn 'phallus'; wsš 'urinate'; mtwt 'poison'; sometimes also (contrary to O.K. usage) in ṯꜢy 'male', 'man'; hi 'husband'; regularly (contrary to O.K. usage) in m-bꜢḥ 'in the presence of'. For as substitute for the female organ, see on N 41.

D54 𓂻

legs walking

Ideo. in iw 'come'. Det. movement, exx. šm 'go'; tkn 'approach'; ḫꜢḫ 'hasten'; also lack of movement, exx. Ꜣb 'stop'; sꜢi 'linger'. The group 'walk', 'step' reads nmtt. For see M 18. For see N40. For see O 35. For see T 32. For see V 15. For see W 25.

D55 𓂽

legs walking backwards

Det. backwards, exx. ꜥnn 'turn back'; sbhꜢ 'cause to retreat'; ḫtḫt 'be reversed'.

D56 𓂾

leg

Ideo. or det. in rd 'foot'. Det. leg, foot, exx. mnt 'thigh'; pd 'knee'; wꜥrt 'leg', 'shank'. From pd, phon. pds in pds 'box'. From wꜥrt, phon. or phon. det. wꜥr in wꜥrt 'district official'; also in wꜥr 'flee'. From sbq 'leg', phon. det. of phon. sbq 'excellent', 'successful'. For some reason unkown, phon. gḥ or gḥs in gḥs 'gazelle'. The group is used to determine various verbs expressing movement, exx. thi 'transgress'; ḫnd 'tread'.

D57 𓂿

combination of D 56 and T 30

Det. mutilate, in iꜢṯ 'be mutilated' and derivatives. Note abbrev. for iꜢṯw 'place of execution'; siꜢty 'cheat' (n.) appears from the var. to be a causative. Det also in nkn 'damage'.

D58 𓃀

foot

Cf. bw 'place', 'position'. Hence phon. b.

D59 𓃁

combination of D 58 and D 36

Phon. ꜥb, ex. ꜥb 'horn'.

D60 𓃂

combination of D 58 with a vase from which water flows (replaces earlier A 6)

Ideo. in wꜥb 'pure', 'clean'. For see S 13.

D61 𓃃

toes

Ideo. or det. in sꜢḥ (śꜢḥ) 'toe'. Hence phon. or phon. det. sꜢḥ (śꜢḥ), exx. sꜢḥ 'approached'; m-sꜢḥ 'in the neighborhood of'.

D62 𓃄

less correct form of last (Dyn. XVIII)

Use as last.

D63 𓃅

another form of last (Dyn. XVIII)

Use as last.

E1 𓃒

bull

Ideo. in kꜢ 'bull'. Det. cattle, exx. ng 'bull'; iwꜢ 'ox'; mnmnt 'cattle', 'herds'.

E2 𓃓

aggressive bull

Ideo. in kꜢ nḫt 'victorious bull', epithet of Pharaoh. Det in smꜢ 'fighting bull'.

E3 𓃔

calf

Det. in bḥs (bḥz) 'calf'; also in wnḏw 'short-horned cattle'.

E4 𓃕

sacred hsat-cow

Det. in ḥsꜢt (ḥzꜢt) 'sacred ḥsꜢt-cow'.

E5 𓃖

cow suckling calf

Det. in Ꜣms 'show solicitude' as towards child or parent.

E6 𓃗

horse

Ideo. or det. ssmt 'horse'. Det. horse, in ibr 'stallion'; ḥtr 'team', 'pair' of horses.

E7 𓃘

ass

Det. in ꜥꜢ 'ass'. In hieratic sometimes replaced by E 20.

E8 𓃙

kid

Cf. ib 'kid'. Hence phon. det. ib, exx. ibi 'thirst'; ibw 'refuge'; only rarely phon. ib, ex. ibḥ 'ibḥ-priest'. Det. small cattle, exx. ꜥwt 'flocks', 'goats'; mnmnt 'herds'.

E8* 𓃚

kid jumping, form not found before Dyn. XIX

Later type of D8, wrongly substituted for above in many old publications. See above.

E9 𓃛

newborn bubalis or hartebeest (cf. below F 5, 6)

Phon.. iw, exx. iwr 'conceive'; iwꜥ 'inherit'. In group-writings is used for i.

E10 𓃝

ram

Det. in bꜢ 'ram'; Hnmw 'Khnum', a ram-headed god. Det. sheep, exx. sr 'sheep'; ꜥwt ḥḏt 'white flocks', i.e. 'sheep'.

E11 𓃞

ram (O.K. form of last)

Use as last.

E12 𓃟

pig

Det. pig in rri 'pig'; šꜢi 'pig'.

E13 𓃠

cat

Det in miw 'cat'.

E14 𓃡

greyhound

Det. dog in iw 'dog'; ṯsm 'hound'.

E15 𓃢

recumbent dog

Det. dog in I͗npw 'Anubis'. Also as sportive ideo. for title ḥry sštꜢ 'he who is over the secrets'.

E16 𓃣

recumbent dog on shrine

Ideo. or det. in I͗npw 'Anubis'. Also like for ḥry sštꜢ 'he who is over the secrets'.

E17 𓃥

jackal

Ideo. or det. in sꜢb, var. Pyr. zꜢb, 'jackal' and related words, ex. sꜢb 'dignitary', 'worthy'.

E18 𓃧

wolf (?) on the standard R 12

Ideo. or det. in Wp-wꜢwtm '(the wolf god) Wepwawet', lit. 'opener of the ways'.

E19 𓃨

O.K. form of last with protuberance in front and a mace T 3 passing through the standard

Use as last.

E20 𓃩

animal of Seth, perhaps a kind of pig

Ideo. in Stẖ, var. Pyr. Śtš, '(the god) Seth'. Det. turmoil, exx. ẖnnw 'turmoil'; shꜢ 'be in confusion'. M.K. hieratic shows a strong tendency to use for E 7 and E 27.

E21 𓃫

animal of Seth recumbent (var. of last)

Det. turmoil, ex. nšni 'storm', 'rage' (vb).

E22 𓃬

lion

Ideo. or det. in mꜢi 'lion'.

E23 𓃭

recumbent lion

Ideo. in rw 'lion'; Rwty 'the Two-lion-god'. Phon. rw, exx. rwyt 'gate(?)'; itrw 'river'. In group writing (with or without stroke) used for r, ex. Krr 'Gerar', a Syrian locality; for see on N 35. Through similarity in hieratic is employed in words with U 13 reading šnꜥ, exx. šnꜥ 'hold back'; šnꜥ 'magazine'.

E24 𓃮

panther

Ideo. or det. in Ꜣby 'panther', 'leopard'.

E25 𓃯

hippopotamus

Det. in db, var. dib, 'hippopotamus'; ḫꜢb 'hippopotamus'.

E26 𓃰

elephant

Det. in Ꜣbw 'elephant'. Semi-phon. in Ꜣbw 'Elephantine', a town near the First Cataract.

E27 𓃱

giraffe

For unknown reason, det. sr in sr (śr) 'foretell'.

E28 𓃲

oryx

Det in mꜢḥḏ 'oryx'.

E29 𓃴

gazelle

Det. in gḥs 'gazelle'.

E30 𓃵

ibex

Det, in nꜢw, var. nrꜢw, var. O.K. niꜢ, 'ibex'.

E31 𓃶

goat with collar carrying a cylinder seal

Ideo.(?) or det. sꜥḥ 'rank', 'dignity' and related words. Occasionally replaced by S 20.

E32 𓃷

sacred baboon

Det. in iꜥn 'sacred baboon'; ky 'monkey'. Det. in qnd 'be furious.

E33 𓃸

monkey

Det. monkey, in gf var. gif, 'monkey'.

E34 𓃹

desert hare

Phon. wn, exx. wnn 'be'; swnt 'sale'.

F1 𓃾

head of ox

Replaces kꜢ E 1 in the formula of offering and like.

F2 𓄀

head of infuriated bull

Det. in ḏnd 'rage'.

F3 𓄁

head of hippopotamus, later form of a sign resembling F 9

Semi-ideo. in Ꜣt 'striking power'; phon. Ꜣt in 'moment', 'attack'.

F4 𓄂

forepart of lion

Ideo. in ḥꜢt 'front' and derivatives, ex. ḥꜢty 'heart'. Note ḥꜢty-ꜥ 'prince'.

F5 𓄃

head of bubalis, above E 9

Cf. šsꜢw (šśꜢw) 'bubalis'. Hence phon. or phon. det. šsꜢ (šśꜢ), exx.šsꜢ 'be skilled'; šsꜢw 'prescription'. Sometimes incorrectly as phon. det. sšꜢ, ex. sšꜢ 'prayer'.

F6 𓄄

forepart of bubalis

Use as last.

F7 𓄅

ram's head

Det. in šft 'ram's head', whence also in šfyt 'worth', 'dignity'; šfšft 'dignity'.

F8 𓄆

forepart of ram

Use as last.

F9 𓄇

head of leopard

Det. or abbrev. in pḥty 'strength'.

F10 𓄈

head and neck of long-necked animal (Dyn. XVIII)

Det. neck, throat, exx. ḫḫ 'throat'; ḥtyt throat'; also activities connected therewith, exx. ꜥm 'swallow'; nḏꜢ 'be parched'.

F11 𓄉

O.K. form of last

Use as last.

F12 𓄊

head and neck of canine animal

Ideo. in Pyr. wśrt 'neck'. Hence phon wsr (wśr), exx. wsr , var. Pyr. wśr 'powerful'; wsr 'oar'.

F13 𓄋

horns of ox

Ideo. in wpt 'brow', 'top (of forehead)', 'beginning'. Hence phon. wp, ex. var. Pyr. wpi 'divide', 'open'; in two words reads i, viz ipt 'mission'; ipwty 'messenger'.

F14 𓄍

combination of F 13 and M 4

In wpt-rnpt 'New Year's day'.

F15 𓄎

combination of the last and N 5

Use as last.

F16 𓄏

horn

Ideo. or det. in db 'horn'; ḥnt horn'; det. ꜥb 'horn'. From this last, phon. or phon. det. ꜥb, exx. ꜥbꜥ 'boast'; m-ꜥb 'together with'.

F17 𓄐

combination of F 16 with a vase with water, cf. D 60

In ꜥbw 'purification'.

F18 𓄑

tusk of elephant

Det. tooth, exx. ibḥ 'tooth'; nḥdt 'tooth'; also action connected therewith, exx. psḥ 'bite'; sbt 'laugh'; (influenced by sbḥ 'cry'?). From ibḥ, phon. or phon. det. bḥ, exx. bḥs 'calf'; sbḥ 'cry'. For unknown reason, phon. det. ḥw in Ḥw 'Hw', the god of authoritative utterance; ḥw 'sustenance'; hence in group-writing with book scroll is ḥ, ex. Mḥ 'Mahu', a personal name. In words reading biꜢ, exx. biꜢ 'firmament', biꜢt 'wonder', is possibly not a tooth, but a metal spout. Phon. det. bi in bit 'character'.

F19 𓄒

lower jaw-bone of ox

Det. in ꜥrt 'jaw'.

F20 𓄓

tongue of ox ?

Ideo. in ns 'tongue'. Hence phon. ns (nś), exx. n(y)-sw 'he belonging to'; nsr 'flame'. Det. actions connected with tongue, ex. dp 'taste'. Sportive ideo. in imy-r 'overseer', lit. 'one who is in the mouth'. Sometimes confused with the abbreviated det. for death, enemy, Z 6.

F21 𓄔

ear of ox ?

Ideo. or det. ear, exx. msḏr 'ear'; ꜥnḫwy 'the two ears'; also in actions connected with ear, exx. sḏm, var. Pyr. śḏm, 'hear'; idi 'be deaf'. Phon. or phon. det. idn 'replace'; idnw 'deputy'. In medical papyri 'leaf (of a tree)' is to be read ḏrḏ, there too sdm (Pyr. śdm) 'paint' eyebrows), after śḏm 'hear' had become sdm.

F22 𓄖

hind-quarters of lion or leopard

Ideo. in pḥwy 'hind-quarters', 'end'; hence phon. or phon. det. pḥ, exx. pḥ 'reach'; pḥty 'strength'. Det in kfꜢ 'bottom' (of vase, etc.); hence phon. or phon. det. kfꜢ in kfꜢ-ib 'trusty'. Also det. in ꜥrt 'hind-quarters'.

F23 𓄗

foreleg of ox (thus always in hieratic)

Ideo. or det. in ḫpš 'foreleg', 'arm'. Det in Msḫtyw 'the Great Bear', lit. 'the Foreleg'.

F24 𓄘

the same (as above) reversed

Use as last.

F25 𓄙

leg and hoof of ox

Ideo. in wḥmt 'hoof' of ox. By transference to donkey, semi-ideo. in wḥm(t?) 'hoof', figuratively for 'asses'. Hence phon. wḥm 'reapeat',

F26 𓄚

skin of a goat

Ideo. in ẖnt 'skin'. Hence phon. ẖn(w), exx. ẖnw 'interior'; ẖn 'approach'.

F27 𓄛

cow's skin

Det. skin, exx. dḥr 'hide', 'leather'; mskꜢ 'skin', 'rug'; mammals generally, exx. wnš 'wolf'; pnw 'mouse'.

F28 𓄜

alternative form of last

This form is regular as ideo. dappled in sꜢb šwt 'variegated of feathers', epithet of the solar Horus, cf. Pyr. śꜢb 'variegated'. Sometimes replaces Ꜣb (U 23), ex. Ꜣbdw 'Abydos'.

F29 𓄝

cow's skin pierced by an arrow

Ideo. or det. in šti (śti) 'pierce' and derivatives. Also phon. st, ex. Stt '(the goddess) Satis', in spite of the fact that Pyr. write this name Śṯit with ṯ instead of t.

F30 𓄞

water-skin

Cf. šdw 'water-skin' 'cushion'. Hence phon. šd, exx. šdi 'draw forth'; wšd 'address', 'question'.

F31 𓄟

three foxes' skins tied together

Cf. mst 'apron of foxes' skins'. Hence phon. ms (mś), exx. msi 'give birth'; msdmt 'black eye paint'.

F32 𓄡

animal's belly showing teats and tail

Ideo. in ẖt 'belly', 'body'. Hence phon. ẖ.

F33 𓄢

tail

Det. in sd (śd) 'tail'. Hence phon. or phon. det. sd, ex. sdty, a title.

F34 𓄣

heart

Ideo. in ib 'heart'. Det. in ḥꜢty 'heart'.

F35 𓄤

heart and windpipe

For unknown reason, phon. nfr in nfr 'good', and related words.

F36 𓄥

lung and windpipe

Cf. smꜢ 'lung'. Hence phon. or phon. det. smꜢ (zmꜢ) in smꜢ (zmꜢ) 'unite' and derivatives.

F37 𓄦

backbone and ribs

Ideo. or det. in iꜢt 'back'. Det. in psd 'back'. By confusion with M 21, phon. det. sm in sm 'succor'.

F38 𓄨

alternative to last (Dyn. XVIII)

det. in psd 'back'.

F39 𓄪

backbone with spinal cord issuing from it

Ideo. in imꜢḫ 'spinal cord', whence also imꜢḫ 'venerated state'. Rarely det. in psḏ 'back'.

F40 𓄫

portion of backbone with spinal cord issuing at both ends

Ideo. (?) in Ꜣwi 'stretch out', 'be long'. Possibly hence phon. Ꜣw, exx. Ꜣwt 'offerings'; fꜢw 'magnificence'.

F41 𓄬

vertebrae conventionally depicted

Rarely det. in psd 'back'. As det. of šꜥt 'lust for blood' from an old sign depicting stalks of flax tied together and the bolls cut off.

F42 𓄭

rib

Ideo. or det. in spr (śpr) 'rib'. Hence phon. spr (śpr) in spr 'approach' and derivatives. Similar signs with which F42 is liable to be confused are D 24, N 11, and N 12.

F43 𓄮

ribs of beef

Det. in spḥt 'ribs of beef'.

F44 𓄯

leg-bone with adjoining meat (two different, seldom distinguishable, signs)

(1) Det. in iwꜥ 'thigh (of beef)', 'femur'; hence phon. det. of phon. iwꜥ, exx. iwꜥ inherit'; iwꜥt 'heritage'. (2) Det. in swt (śwt) 'leg of beef', 'tibia'; hence phon. isw (išw) in isw, var. O.K. iśw, 'exchange'.

F45 𓄰

bicornuate uterus of heifer

Ideo. or det. in idt (?) 'vulva', 'cow'.

F46 𓄲

intestine

Ideo. in qꜢb 'intestine'; hence semi-ideo. in m-qꜢb 'in the midst of'; q(Ꜣ)b 'double'. Ideo. and later phon. also in pẖr 'turn', 'go round' and derivatives; dbn 'go round' and derivatives. Det. (from Dyn. XII) in wḏb, var. wdb, 'turn' and derivative.

F47 𓄴

alternative to last (N.B. No confusion with M 11 before the Amarna period)

Use as last.

F48 𓄶

alternative to F 46

Use as F 46.

F49 𓄷

alternative to F 24

Use as F 46.

F50 𓄸

combination of F 46 and S 29

In spẖr , var. O.K. śpẖr, 'copy', 'write out'.

F51 𓄹

piece of flesh

Det. limb, flesh, exx. ꜥt 'limb'; ḥꜥ 'flesh'; parts of the body, exx. nḥbt 'neck', 'shoulder'; mist 'liver'; meat, ex. iwf meat'. As abbrev. is found for ḥꜥw 'members', 'body'; and for kns 'vagina'. Possibly a different sign when reversed as phon. Ꜣs or ws in Ꜣst 'Isis' and Wsir 'Osiris', writings found on the M.K. coffins for some superstitious reasons. In Dyn. XIX or before, this reversed sign changes into the egg H 8 and subsequently below (X 1) becomes a generic det. for goddess.

F52 𓄽

excrement (Pyr.)

Det. in Pyr. ḥś 'excrement'.

G1 𓄿

Egyptian vulture

Ideo. in Pyr. Ꜣ 'vulture'; hence phon. Ꜣ. Often indistinguishable from (tyw) G 4.

G2 𓅀

two vultures

Phon. ꜢꜢ, ex. mꜢꜢ 'see'.

G3 𓅁

combination of G 1 and U 1

Phon. mꜢ, ex, smꜢwy 'renew'.

G4 𓅂

the long-legged buzzard

Phon. tyw, exx. ẖrtyw-nṯr 'necropolis workmen'; i-tywn(y) 'welcome ye!'. Often indistinguishable from G 1.

G5 𓅃

falcon (exact species not determined)

Ideo. in Ḥrw '(the falcon-god) Horus'.

G6 𓅄

falcon with flagellum S 45

Det. in bik 'falcon'.

G7 𓅆

falcon of Horus on the standard R 12

Det. in the O.K. writing Ḥrw 'Horus'. Hence, in O.K. and later often archaistically det. of gods, ex. I͗mn 'Amun', or of the king, ex nsw 'king'. So too regularly in hieratic, while hieroglphic prefers A 40. Also ideo. in pronouns of 1st pers. sing. when the king is speaking, exx. i, wi, 'I', 'me'.

G7* 𓅇

falcon in boat

Ideo. for the god of the XIIth nome of Upper Egypt, whose name has been inferred from somewhat complicated data to read ꜥnty 'ꜥAnty', meaning perhaps literally 'he with the claw(s)'. This god occurs also in other parts of Upper Egypt, particularly in the XVIIIth nome, where his name was possibly read differently. Closely connected was also a biune god ꜥntywy 'ꜥAntywey' worshipped in the Xth nome and elsewhere, whom the Greeks equated with their mythical giant Antaeus.

G7** 𓅈

variant form of 7*

Use as last. For as old symbol of the West, see R 13. For see O 10.

G8 𓅉

falcon of Horus on he sign for gold S 12

In title of the king Ḥr (or bik?) n nbw 'Horus (or falcon?) of gold'.

G9 𓅊

falcon of Horus bearing the sun N 5 on head

In Rꜥ-Ḥr-Ꜣḫty '(the composite god) Re-Harakhti'.

G10 𓅋

falcon on a special sared bark

Det. in Skr (Zkr) '(the god) Sokar'. Also det. in ḥnw 'the ḥnw-bark (of Sokar)'.

G11 𓅌

archaic image of a falcon

Det. in ꜥšm (also ꜥẖm, ꜥḫm) 'divine image'; also in šnbt 'breast'.

G12 𓅎

archaic image of falcon with flagellum S 45

Like G 11, det. in Ꜣḫm 'divine image'.

G13 𓅏

archaic image of falcon with the double plumes S 9

Ideo. in Ḥr Nḫn(y) '(the god) Horus of Nekhen', i.e. of Hieraconpolis. Det. in Spdw (Śpdw) '(the god) Sopd'.

G14 𓅐

vulture

Det. in Pyr. nrt 'vulture'; hence phon. det. nr, ex. nrw 'terror'. For obscure reason in mwt 'mother', Copt. maau; hence phon. mt, exx. ꜥḫmt 'river-bank', mtn 'road'.

G15 𓅑

vulture with flagellum S 45 (Dyn. XVIII)

Ideo. in Mwt '(the goddess) Mut'.

G16 𓅒

the vulture-goddess Nekhbet and the cobra-goddess Wadjet on baskets V 30

In nbty 'Two-Ladies', title of the king.

G17 𓅓

owl

Phon. m.

G18 𓅔

two owls as monogram

Phon. mm ex, tmm 'not having been'. In Dyn XVIII seems to be used for im 'therein'.

G19 𓅕

combination of G 17 and D 37 (Dyn. XVIII)

Phon. m (originally mi), ex. mhy 'be neglectful'. See D 3 and D 38.

G20 𓅖

combination of G 17 and D 36 (Dyn. XVIII)

Use as last.

G21 𓅘

Sennar guinea-fowl

Ideo. in nḥ 'the nḥ-bird'. Phon. nḥ, exx. nḥi 'pray'; nḥḥ 'eternity'. Some sculptors assimilate this sign to G 1 or G 43.

G22 𓅙

hoopoe

Phon. ḏb in ḏbt, var. N.K. dbt, 'brick'.

G23 𓅚

lapwing

Phon. or phon. det. rḫ(y)t in rḫyt 'common folk'.

G24 𓅛

lapwing with wings twisted around one another

Use as last.

G25 𓅜

crested ibis

Ideo. or semi-ideo. in Ꜣḫ 'spirit', 'spirit-like nature'. Hence semi-phon. Ꜣḫ 'be glorious', 'beneficial' and derivatives.

G26 𓅝

sacred ibis on the standard R 12

Det. in hb 'ibis'. Det in Ḏḥwty '(the god) Thoth'.

G26* 𓅞

sacred ibis

Use as last, but very rarely without the standard.

G27 𓅟

flamingo

Det. in dšr 'flamingo'. Hence semi-phon. dšr in dšr 'red' and derivatives.

G28 𓅠

black ibis

Cf. O.K. gmt 'the gmt-bird'. Hence, phon. gm, exx. gmi 'to find'; gmḥ 'look at'.

G29 𓅡

jabiru

Ideo. in bꜢ 'soul (in bird form)'. Hence phon. bꜢ, exx. bꜢk 'servant'; ḫbꜢ 'destroy'. In group writing with single stroke, after minature or is used for b.

G30 𓅢

three jabirus as monogram

In bꜢw 'spirits', 'might'.

G31 𓅣

heron

Det. in bnw (bynw) 'phoenix'. A very similar bird is det. in šnty 'heron'.

G32 𓅤

heron on a perch

Ideo. or det. in bꜥḥi 'be inundated'.

G33 𓅥

buff-backed egret ?

Det. in Pyr. śdꜢ 'the śdꜢ-bird'. Hence phon. det. in sdꜢ 'tremble'; sdꜢdꜢ 'tremble'.

G34 𓅦

ostrich

Det. in niw 'ostrich'.

G35 𓅧

cormorant

Phon. ꜥq, exx. ꜥq 'enter'; ꜥqw 'revenue', 'provisions'.

G36 𓅨

swallow or martin (Note the swallow tail)

Phon. wr, exx. wr 'great'; wrḥ 'anoint'. A similar sign is det. in mnt 'swallow'.

G37 𓅪

sparrow (Note the rounded tail)

Det. small, exx. nḏs (nḏś) 'small'; ḥns 'narrow'; bad, defective, exx. bin 'bad'; šw 'empty'; mr 'ill', 'diseased'; Ꜣq 'perish'.

G38 𓅬

white-fronted goose

Det. in O.K. gb 'the gb-goose'; hence semi-phon. gb in Gb, var. Gbb, '(the earth-god) Geb'. Det. in r, trp, names of kinds of geese; also in Ꜣpd 'bird', 'goose'. This type may be employed in place of the more exact G 39 in words containing sꜢ (zꜢ), except when the originals clearly mark the pintain. It may be employed for the indeterminate birds serving as phon. det. in wfꜢ 'talk'; wsf 'be idle'; wdf 'delay'; and ḥtm 'perish'. Lastly, it may be used for the generalized det. of birds and insects found in hieratic, exx. ṯnḥr 'hawk'; niw 'ostrich'; snḥmw 'locusts'.

G39 𓅭

pintail duck

Det. in st (zt, perhaps for zꜢt) 'pintail duck'. Hence phon. sꜢ (zꜢ), exx. sꜢ 'son'; sꜢw 'beam', 'plank'; ḥsꜢt 'the divine ḥsꜢt-cow'. This type may, if preferred, be employed in the place of G 38 in the indefinite uses where the actual nature of the bird in question is unknown.

G40 𓅮

pintail duck flying

Ideo. in Pyr. pꜢ 'fly'. Hence phon. pꜢ, exx. pꜢ 'the'; spꜢ 'centipede'. In group-writing is used for p. In Dyn. XII is occasionally used for G 41. In hieratic is always replaced by G 41, as also oaccasionally in hieroglyphic.

G41 𓅯

pintail duck alighting

Det. in ḫni 'alight', 'halt'; hence phon. det. ḫn, ex. ḫn 'speech', 'sentence'. For unknown reasons, phon. or phon. det. qmi in qmyt 'gum'; phon. det. sḥw in sḥwy 'collect'. The combination is used to show that is the throw-stick T 14, not the identically shaped warrior's club, served as det. in qmꜢ 'throw', whence qmꜢ 'create'; also in mtn , O.K. mṯn, 'nomad hunter', whence phon. det. ṯn, tn, exx. mṯn 'road'; ṯni, var. tni, 'distinguish'. Before Dyn. XVIII is sometimes used for G 40 in hieroglyphic, as always in hieratic, where it often serves, like G 38, as an indefinite det. for birds.

G42 𓅰

fatted duck or widgeon ?

Ideo. in wšꜢ 'fatten'; also in ḏf(Ꜣ) 'provisions'.

G43 𓅱

quail chick

For unknown reason, phon. w. For , the hieroglyphic adaption of the hieratic abbreviated forn of G 43, see Z 7.

G44 𓅳

two quail chicks G 43 as monogram

Phon. ww, ex. pḥww 'end'.

G45 𓅴

combination of G 43 and D 36

Phon. wꜥ, ex. wꜥw 'soldier'.

G46 𓅶

combination of G 43 and U 1

Phon. mꜢw, ex. m mꜢwt 'anew'.

G47 𓅷

duckling

Ideo. in ṯꜢ 'nestling'. Hence phon. ṯꜢ, exx. ṯꜢy 'male'; ṯnṯꜢt 'baldachin'. In group-writing ( with single stroke) is used for ṯ.

G48 𓅸

three ducklings G 47 in nest

Det. in sš (zš?) 'nest'. Sometimes written with a single duckling.

G49 𓅹

ducks' heads protruding form a pool

Ideo. or det. in sš (zš?) 'bird-pool', 'nest'.

G50 𓅺

two plovers (?) as monogram

In rḫty 'fuller', 'washerman'.

G51 𓅻

egret (?) pecking at fish

Det. in ḥꜢm 'catch fish'.

G52 𓅼

goose (?) picking up grain

Det. in snm (śnm) 'feed' (trans. vb.).

G53 𓅽

human headed bird preceded by R 7 (Dyn. XVIII)

Ideo in bꜢ 'soul'.

G54 𓅾

trussed goose or duck

Det. in wšn 'wring neck of (birds)', 'offer'. For unknown reason, phon. or phon. det. in snḏ, var. Pyr. śnḏ, later var. snd, 'fear' and derivatives.

H1 𓅿

head of pintail duck G 39

In formula of offering as abbrev. of Ꜣpdw 'fowl'. det in wšn 'wring neck of (birds)', 'offer'. This type may be used for H1 H 2 in transcribing hieratic mꜢꜥ when the crest is absent.

H2 𓆀

head of crested bird

Phon. det. mꜢꜥ, exx. mꜢꜥ 'temple' (of head), cf. mꜢꜥ 'real'. Also phon. or phon. det. wšm, exx. wšm 'ear (of corn)'; wšmw 'vessel (for beer)'. From Dyn. XII in place of H2 H 3 as phon. pq (pꜢq) in pqt 'fine linen'.

H3 𓆁

head of spoonbill

Phon. det. pꜢq (pq), ex. pꜢq 'pꜢq-cake'.

H4 𓆂

head of vulture G 14

Phon. det. nr, ex. nrw 'terror'. From Dyn. XVIII sportive writing in rmṯ 'people'.

H5 𓆃

wing

Det. wing, ex. ḏnḥ, var. dnḥ, 'wing'; fly, exx. ꜥẖi 'fly'; pꜢ 'fly'.

H6 𓆄

feather

Ideo. in šwi 'feather'. Hence phon. šw, ex. Šw '(the air-god) Shu'. Ideo. as substitute for H6 C 10, in mꜢꜥt 'truth'; in the adjective mꜢꜥ 'true' and related words H6 is not written, nor has it been found in M.E. hieratic in any words from this stem.

H6* 𓆅

feather as found in hieratic

With one or two strokes at side in M.E. hieratic for words from the stem šw.

H7 𓆆

claw

Phon. šꜢ in ŠꜢt '(the land) Shat'.

H8 𓆇

egg

Det. in swḥt (śwḥt) 'egg'. The hieratic contraction of G 39 found in the inverted M.K method of expressing filiation appears in Dyn.XIX hieroglyphic as the egg ; that sign may be conventionally used in transcribing the instances in M.K. hieratic. In pꜥt 'patricians', 'mankind' is perhaps derived from an earlier sign for a clod of earth.

I1 𓆈

lizard

Det. in ḥntꜢsw 'lizard'; ꜥš(Ꜣ) 'lizard'. From the latter, phon. ꜥšꜢ in ꜥšꜢ 'many' and the related words.

I2 𓆉

freshwater turtle

Ideo. or det. in štyw 'turtle'.

I3 𓆊

crocodile

Ideo. or det. crocodile, exx. msḥ (mzḥ) 'crocodile'; ḫnty 'crocodile'; however, for the god Sobek the sign I 5* or I 4 is perhaps invariably used. Det. greedy, in skn 'lust after'; ḥnt 'be greedy'; perhaps also in ꜥẖm 'voracious (?) spirit'; aggression in Ꜣd 'be aggressive', 'angry'. For obscure reason, phon. it in ity 'sovereign'.

I4 𓆋

crocodile on a shrine

Ideo or det. in Sbk (Śbk) '(the crocodile-god) Sobek'.

I5 𓆌

crocodile with inward curved tail

Det. in sꜢq (śꜢq) 'collect', 'gather together'.

I5* 𓆍

archaic stone (?) image of a crocodile

Ideo. or det. in Sbk (Śbk) '(the crocodile-god) Sobek'.

I6 𓆎

piece of crocodile-skin with spines

Cf. ikm 'shield'. Hence (?) phon. km, exx. Kmt 'Eypt'; skm 'grey-haired'.

I7 𓆏

frog

Det. in Ḥqt '(the frog-goddess) Heket. From Dyn. XVIII of XIX sometimes as sportive ideo. for wḥm ꜥnḫ 'repeating life' as epithet after personal name.

I8 𓆐

tadpole

Cf. the O.K. name of a man Ḥfnr, i.e. 'Tadpole'. Hence phon. ḥfn in ḥfn 'one hundred thousand', plur. var. Dyn. XIX ḥfnw.

I9 𓆑

horned viper

Ideo. perhaps in the name of the XIIth nome of Upper Egypt 𓈋𓆑𓊾𓈈Ḏw-ft ‘Mountain of the Horned Viper’, for which a rare var. with 𓆑𓏏ft occurs; cf. also demotic fy ‘viper’. Hence phon. f. For 𓊥 see P 9. For 𓋵 see S 30. For 𓍚 see U 35.

I10 𓆓

cobra in repose

Cf. Pyr.𓆓𓏤 ḏ var. 𓆓𓏏𓆘ḏt 'cobra'. Hence phon. ḏ. Sometimes also, by false archaism, for 𓂧d. For 𓇆 see M 14. For 𓌌 see T 5. For 𓎓 see V 21.

I11 𓆕

two cobras I 10

Phon. ḏd, ex. 𓎗𓅱𓆕𓏏𓏛wḏdt 'what had been commanded'. For 𓌍 see T 6.

I12 𓆗

cobra (erect as on the forehead of the Pharaoh)

Det. in iꜥrt 'uraeus'. Det. goddesses, especially those to whom the appearance of a snake was attributed, exx. WꜢḏyt '(the goddess) Wadjet'; Nsrt (Nzrt) '(the goddess) Nesret'.

I13 𓆘

cobra I 12 on the basket V 30

Det. goddess, exx. WꜢḏ(y)t 'Wadjet'; ntrt 'goddess'. As an element in the royal title see G 16.

I14 𓆙

snake

Det. snake, exx ḥfꜢw 'serpent'; ḏdft 'snake'; possibly also det. worm, but it is doubtful if ḏdft ever had that usually attributed meaning.

I15 𓆚

alternative form of last

Use as last.

K1 𓆛

a fish

Det in int 'the bulti-fish'. Hence phon. in, exx. int 'valley'; inb 'wall'.

K2 𓆜

a fish

Phon. det. bw in bwt 'abomination'.

K3 𓆝

a fish

Det. in Ḥdw 'the buri-fish'. Hence phon. ꜥd (ꜥḏ?) in the title ꜥḏ(?)-mr, var. ꜥd-mr, 'administrator (of a province)', probably lit. 'excavator of canal(s)'.

K4 𓆞

oxyrhynchus fish

Ideo. in ẖꜢt 'oxyrhynchus'. Hence phon. ẖꜢ, exx. ẖꜢt 'corpse'; ẖꜢrt, var. ḫꜢrt, 'widow'.

K5 𓆟

a fish

Phon. det. bs (bz) in bs, var. O.K. ibz, 'introduce', 'enter'. A very similar fish is used as generic det. fish, ex. rmw 'fish'; fishy smell, ex. ḫnš 'stink'.

K6 𓆠

fish-scale (also written vertically)

Ideo. or det. in nšmt 'fish-scale'.

K7 𓆡

a fish

Det. of špt 'be discontented'.

L1 𓆣

dung-beetle

Ideo. in ḫprr 'dung-beetle'. Hence phon. ḫpr in ḫpr 'become' and derivatives.

L2 𓆤

bee

Ideo in bit 'bee'; also in bit 'honey'. Hence phon. bit in bit(y) 'king of Lower Egypt'.

L3 𓆦

fly

Det. in ꜥff 'fly'.

L4 𓆧

common locust

Det. in snḥm (Pyr. znḥm) 'locust'.

L5 𓆨

centipede

Det. in spꜢ (Pyr. zpꜢ) 'centipede'.

L6 𓆩

bivalve shell

For unknown reason, phon. ḫꜢ, in M.E. only in ḫꜢt, var. ḫꜢwt, 'table of offerings'.

L7 𓆫

scorpion (modified for superstitious reasons)

Ideo. in Srqt '(the scorpion goddess) Serqet', full name in Pyr. Śrqt-ḥtw 'she who-relieves-the-wind-pipe'.

M1 𓆭

tree

Det. tree, exx. nht 'sycamore-fig', 'tree', plur. often nhwt; mnw 'trees'; nbs 'Christ's thorn-tree', 'nebq-tree'; iꜢm, varr. Pyr. iꜢm, im(Ꜣ), unidentified tree. From this last, phon. iꜢm, im--writings with are best transcribed iꜢm--exx. iꜢmt 'charm', 'favor'; iꜢm(w) 'tent'. The rather similar sign which serves as det. in mꜥr 'fortunate' may well depict a quite different object.

M2 𓆰

herb

Det. plant, flower, exx. iꜢrw 'reeds'; ḥrrt 'flower'. From ḥni 'rush', phon. ḥn, exx. ḥnw 'vessel'; ḥnskt 'lock' (of hair). Det. in isi 'be light' (perhaps like isw reeds); hence phon. det. is, exx. isy, var. O.K. iz, 'tomb', 'chamber'; iswt 'old times'. From 'reed (see on M 17) rarely as sportive writing for i 'I', 'my'; hence also for as det. ex. s 'man'. From Dyn XVIII on sometimes as faulty transcription of hieratic T 24 in iḥwty 'tenant farmer'.

M3 𓆱

branch

Ideo. in ḫt 'wood', 'tree'; hence phon. ḫt, exx. ḫtyw 'terrace'; nḫt 'strong'. Det. wood, ex. hbny 'ebony'; wooden objects, exx. wḫꜢ 'column'; qniw 'palanquin'. Vertically in ḏꜥr, var. ḏꜥ, 'search out', lit. perhaps 'harpoon' (vb.); here it is probably corruption of an old sign.

M4 𓆳

palm-branch stripped of leaves and notched to serve as tally

Det. in rnpi 'be young', 'vigorous'. Hence rnp in rnpt 'year', with ideographically as symbol; with similar sense ideo. in ḥsbt 'regnal year' and in snf (from śn.nw.f 'its second) 'last year'. Possibly ideo. of time (if not phon. det.) also in tr 'time', 'season', where it usually appears in the form M 5 or M 6. Elsewhere also is an occasionaly substitute for M 5, M 6, or M 7.

M5 𓆴

combination of M 4 with X 1

With sportive ideographic intention (palm-branch planted in ) in Pyr. tr, var. t(i), 'season'. Hence (see on M 4 for ) becomes in M.E. characteristic det. in tr 'season'. However, M 6 is a commoner substitute for , though interchanges with in some uses really belonging only to the latter, exx. pri 'battlefield'; TꜢ-mri 'Ta-meri', i.e. Egypt.

M6 𓆵

combination of M 4 and D 21

With sportive intention in Pyr. tr 'season'. In M.E. det. in tr 'season'. Hence phon. det. tr, ti, exx. tr 'pray'; ḥtr 'assess' (taxes); also phon. det. ri, exx. pri battlefield'; TꜢ-mri 'Ta-meri', i.e. Egypt.

M7 𓆶

combination of M 4 and Q 3

With sportive ideographic intention in Pyr. rnpi 'be young', 'vigorous'. Hence, in M.E., ideo. or det. in rnpi 'be young' and derivatives.

M8 𓆷

pool with lotus flowers

Ideo. in šꜢ 'lotus pool', 'meadow'. Hence phon. šꜢ, exx. šꜢ 'appoint', 'command'; šꜢd 'dig'. In group-writing or is used for š. From Pyr. iꜢḫi 'be inundated', ideo. or semi-ideo. in Ꜣḫt 'inundation season'.

M9 𓆸

lotus flower

Ideo. or det. in sšn, var. Pyr. zššn, 'lotus'.

M10 𓆹

lotus bud

Det. in nḥbt 'lotus-bud'.

M11 𓆻

flower with long twisting stalk

Ideo. or det. in wdn 'offer'. In late Dyn. XVIII also erroneously in place of F 46 as det. in w(Ꜣ)ḏbw 'shores'.

M12 𓆼

leaf, stalk and rhizome of lotus

Ideo. in ḫꜢw nw sšn 'lotus plants'. Hence phon. ḫꜢ, exx. ḫꜢ 'thousand'; sḫꜢ 'remember'. In group-writing or is used for ḫ.

M13 𓇅

stem of papyrus

Ideo. in wꜢḏ 'papyrus column', cf. Pyr. wꜢḏ 'papyrus'. Hence phon. wꜢḏ in wꜢḏ 'be green' and derivatives. From M.K., phon. w(Ꜣ)ḏ as substitute for V 24, exx. sw(Ꜣ)ḏ 'hand over', 'bequeath'; w(Ꜣ)ḏḥ, var. Pyr. wdḥ, 'pour out'.

M14 𓇆

combination of M 13 and I 10

Phon. wꜢḏ, w(Ꜣ)ḏ, exx. WꜢḏ-wr 'the sea', lit. 'the great green'; sw(Ꜣ)ḏ 'hand over', 'bequeath'.

M15 𓇇

clump of papyrus with buds bent down

Det. papyrus and watery regions, exx. idḥw 'swamps' (of the Delta); ḏyt 'papyrus marsh'. Phon. det. wꜢḫ in wꜢḫ(y) 'hall of the Inundation' from the Pyr. stem iꜢḫi, whence Ꜣḫ 'thicket' (of papyrus). Hence phon. Ꜣḫ (or ideo?) in Ꜣḫ-bit 'Chemmis' (a Delta place), possibly understood as 'Papyrus-thicket of the King of Lower Egypt'. Det. in TꜢ-mḥw 'Lower Egypt', 'the Delta', whence mḥ-s 'the crown of Lower Egypt'.

M16 𓇉

clump of papyrus

Phon. ḥꜢ, exx. ḥꜢ 'would that!'; ḥꜢq 'capture'. In group-writing or is ḥ. As O.K. det. in TꜢ-mḥw 'the Delta' and related words is often replaced in M.E. by M 15, but exx. with are still fairly common, exx. TꜢ-mḥw 'the Delta'; mḥ-s 'crown of Lower Egypt'.

M17 𓇋

flowering reed

Ideo. in i 'reeds'. Hence phon. i.

M18 𓇍

combination of M 17 and D 54

In ii 'come' and the related words.

M19 𓇎

heaped conical cakes between reed M 17 and sign like U 36

Det. in ꜥꜢbt 'offering', 'pile of offerings' and the related verb.

M20 𓇏

reeds growing side by side

Ideo. or det. in sḫt (śḫt) 'marshland', 'country' and its derivative sḫty 'peasant'. Occasionally phon. sm (śm) like M 21, ex. sm 'occupation', 'pastime'.

M21 𓇐

like the last, but with a loop at the side

Ideo. or semi-ideo. In sm, var. Pyr. śm 'herb', 'plant'. Hence phon. sm (śm), ex. sm 'succour'.

M22 𓇑

rush with shoots

Cf. Pyr 𓈖𓐍𓃀𓏏𓇑nḫbt 'germination', 'shooting up'. Hence phon. 𓇑𓃀𓏏𓅐𓎟nḫb in 𓈖𓐍𓃀𓇑𓏏𓅐Nḫbt '(the vulture goddess) Nekhbet'. For , two rushes with shoots, Cf. nnt 'rushes'. Hence is phon. nn, exx. nn 'this'; nni 'be weary'.

M23 𓇓

plant regarded as typical of Upper Egypt (probably form of M 26, but without flowers)

Ideo. in swt (śwt) 'the swt-plant'. Hence phon. sw (św), ex. swt 'but'. The word 'king of Upper Egypt' probably originally read ni-śwt 'he who belongs to the swt-plant', but before M.K. had become nsw (nzw); 'kingship' is perhaps to be read nsyt. Sometime is inaccurately used for M 24 or M 26. In group-writing stands for s.

M24 𓇔

combination of M 23 and D 21

With sportive pictoral intention (plant śwt growing from mouth r), phon. rśw in Pyr. rśwt 'South' and the related words. In M.E. 'South' is rsy.

M25 𓇖

confusion of M 24 and M 26

Faulty writing either for words connected with rswt 'South', ex. rsyw 'southerners', or for words connected with Šmꜥw 'Upper Egypt', ex. Šmꜥ 'Upper Egyptian corn'.

M26 𓇗

sedge (?) growing from a sign for land resembing N 17

Probably as a flowering specimen of M 23, ideo in Šmꜥw 'Upper Egypt', the reading of which is given by šmꜥ 'make music'. Hence phon. šmꜥ in šmꜥyt 'chantress', 'singer'.

M27 𓇘

combination of M 26 and D 36

In Šmꜥ(w) 'Upper Egypt'. Also phon. šmꜥ in šmꜥyt 'chantress', 'singer'.

M28 𓇙

combintion of M 26 and V 20

In the title wr mḏw Šmꜥ(w) 'greatest of the tens of Upper Egypt'.

M29 𓇛

pods from some sweet smelling tree

Cf. nḏm 'nḏm-tree'. Hence semi-phon. nḏm in nḏm 'sweet' and the related words. The tree or wood ssnḏm is possibly a later deformation of an O.K. word śśḏ or ššḏm.

M30 𓇜

a sweet-tasting root ?

Ideo. or det. in bnr 'sweet' and derivatives.

M31 𓇝

stylized rhizome of a lotus (Dyn. XVIII)

Det. in rd 'grow'.

M32 𓇟

Dyn XII var. of last

Use as last. A similar sign sometimes in hieratic erroneously borrowed from rd 'grow' in r(w)d 'be strong'.

M33 𓇠

grains of corn (also written vertically or grouped)

Ideo. in it 'barley', 'corn' and its varieties it Mḥ 'Lower Egyptian corn' and it Šmꜥ 'Upper Egyptian corn'. Det. corn, ex. Npri (the grain-god) Nepri'.

M34 𓇣

bearded ear of emmer

Ideo. or det. in bdt, var. bty, 'emmer'.

M35 𓇤

heap of corn

Det. in ꜥḥꜥw 'heaps'; also in wbn 'overflow'.

M36 𓇥

bundle of flax stems showing the bolls (sometimes misinerpreted)

Phon. ḏr, exx. ḏr 'since'; nḏri 'hold fast'. Det. in dmꜢ 'bind together'.

M37 𓇦

bundle of flax stems (O.K. form of M 36)

Phon. ḏr like M 36.

M38 𓇧

bundle of flax (O.K.; specialized variant of M 37)

Det. in O.K. mḥꜥ (?), var. Dyn. XII mꜥḥ (?), mḥ (?), 'flax' and in dmꜢ 'bind together'.

M39 𓇨

basket of fruit or grain

Det. vegetable offerings, ex. rnpt 'vegetables', 'fruit'.

M40 𓇩

bundle of reeds

Cf. isw 'reeds'. Hence phon. is (iz), exx. is (iz) 'tomb'; iswt 'crew'.

M41 𓇫

log of wood stripped of its branches (Dyn. XVIII)

Det. wood, exx. ꜥš 'cedar' (properly 'pine' or 'fir'); wꜥn 'juniper (?)'; mr(w) 'meru-wood'.

M42 𓇬

flower ?

Phon. wn, exx. wnḏw 'short-horned cattle'; ḥwn 'be young'; wnm 'eat'. Not distinguished from Z 11 in the earliest hieratic, and replaced by the latter sign in M.K. hieratic, as also regularly in later hieroglyphic.

M43 𓇭

vine on props (variety without basket)

Det. vine in i(Ꜣ)r(r)t 'vine'; various notions connected with the vine, exx. irp 'wine'; kꜢmy 'gardener'; fruit generally, exx. dꜢb 'figs'; išd 'išd-fruit'.

M44 𓇮

thorn

Det. in srt 'thorn'. Possibly it is the same sign, if not a mere triangle, which serves as ideo. or det. in spd (śpd) 'sharp' and the related words.

(N35) 𓈗

three riples

N1 𓇯

sky

Ideo. or det. in pt 'sky'. det. sky, exx. Nwt '(the sky goddess) Nut'; ḥrt 'heaven', lit. 'the distant one'; high, in ꜥḫi 'hang'. In I͗n-ḥrt '(the god) Onuris' is a later interpretation, since the name originally meant 'he who fetched the distant one (fem.)'. From ḥrt 'heaven', phon. ḥry, ḥrw in ḥry 'above' and the related words. In two words for 'gate' is derived from earlier signs for gateway, namely in rwty 'the double gate' and in ht, var. hyt, 'portal', whence the title smsw hyt 'elder of the portal'. There is perhaps a similar contamination in hꜢt 'ceiling'.

N2 𓇰

sky with a broken (?) was-scepter S 40 (?) suspended from it (Dyn. XVIII)

Det. night, exx. grḥ 'night'; wḫ 'night'; darkness, exx. kkw 'darkness'; ꜥḫḫw 'dusk'.

N3 𓇱

O.K. form of last

Use as last.

N4 𓇲

moisture falling from the sky (Dyn. XVIII)

Ideo. or det. dew, rain, exx. idt, var. iꜢdt, abbrev. , 'dew'; šnyt 'rain-storm'.

N5 𓇳

sun

Ideo. or det. in rꜥ 'sun', 'day'; hrw 'day'; in dates reads sw. Det. sun or actions of sun, exx. šw 'sun'; wbn 'rise'; day, exx. sf 'yesterday'; wrš 'spend all day'; time generally, exx. wnwt 'hour'; ꜥḥꜥw 'period'; (n)ḥḥ 'eternity'. For group-writing of over see N 23.

N6 𓇴

sun with uraeus (Dyn. XVIII)

Ideo. or det. in rꜥ 'sun'.

N7 𓇵

combination of N 5 and T 28

Abbrev. for ẖrt-hrw 'day-time', 'course (of day)', lit. 'what belongs to the day'.

N8 𓇶

sunshine

Det. (or ideo.) sunshine, exx. Ꜣḫw (Pyr. iꜢḫw) 'sunshine'; psḏ 'shine'; wbn 'rise'. From this last, phon. wbn in wbnw 'wound'. Phon. ḥnmmt in 'the sun-folk' of Heliopolis.

N9 𓇷

moon with its lower half obscured (Dyn. XVIII)

Ideo. or det. in psḏntyw, var. psdn, var. Pyr. pśḏtyw, 'New-moon festival'. Hence phon. det. psḏ in psḏt 'divine ennead', 'company of nine gods'. This sign is liable to confusion with the loaf X 6.

N10 𓇸

alternative form of last (Dyn. XVIII)

Use as last.

N11 𓇹

Crescent moon (also vertically or vertically and reversed when used as det.)

Ideo. or det. in iꜥḥ 'moon'; hence phon. det. or abbrev. in wꜥḥ 'carob beans.' Combined with N 14, ideo. in Ꜣbd 'month'; for the reading cf. an O.K. personal name Ꜣbdw and Sa`idic ebot 'month'; in dates abbreviated as , ex. Ꜣbd 3 'month 3.' In abbrev. šsp 'palm' (as measure) the sign has doubtless a different pictorial origin. In some inscriptions is written for spr, F 42.

N12 𓇺

alternative form of last (Dyn. XVIII)

In iꜥḥ 'moon'.

N13 𓇻

combination of half of N 11 and N 14

Ideo. in ...nt 'half-month festival'.

N14 𓇼

star

Ideo. or det. in sbꜢ, var. Pyr. śbꜢ, 'star'; hence phon. or phon. det. sbꜢ (śbꜢ), 'teach' (with derivatives); sbꜢ 'door'. Det. star, constellation, exx. Msḫtyw 'the Great Bear'; Spdt 'Sothis'; time as indicated by stars, exx. Ꜣbd 'month', see N 11; wnwt (1) 'hour', (2) 'priesthood'. Also semi-phon. dwꜢ, exx. dwꜢt 'morning'; dwꜢ 'adore' (in the morning). In the word 'netherworld' (originally the place of the morning twilight, popularly known as 'the Duat' and in this work still translated dwꜢt) the very common Pyr var. dꜢt probably indicates that the w had fallen and that the pronunciation already approximated to the Old Coptic te, tei.

N15 𓇽

star in circle

Ideo. in d(w)Ꜣt 'netherworld', see N 14, at end.

N16 𓇾

flat alluvial land with grains of sand N 33 beneath it

Ideo. in tꜢ 'earth', 'land'. Hence phon. tꜢ (rare), ex, sštꜢ 'mystery', 'secret'. In group-writing with and is t. Det. land, in ḏt 'estate', whence also in ḏt 'eternity'; ḏt 'serf'.

N17 𓇿

alternative form of N 16

Use as last.

N18 𓈀

sandy tract

Ideo. in iw 'island'. In group-writing with and is phon. i, ex. I͗rt 'Yareth' (Syrian place-name). Det. desert or foreign country, exx. Ꜣḫt 'horizon', more exactly the land of the sun-rise; Ṯḥnw 'Libya'; Stt 'Asia'; cf. too D 8. Different signs, but with similar outline, are (1) the garment, see after S 26; (2) the cake, see after X 4; (3) the oval, see Z 8.

N19 𓈃

the last twice repeated (often small)

In Ḥr-Ꜣḫti, 'Horus-of-the-horizon', 'Harakhti'.

N20 𓈄

tongue of land

Det. in wḏb 'sand-bank', 'shore'. Hence phon. wḏb in var. Pyr. wḏb 'turn back' and derivatives. From O.K. onward a sign of like appearance is used in ḥb-sd 'jubilee', 'Sed-festival'.

N21 𓈅

tongue of land

Det. land, especially in idb 'bank', 'region' (dual idbwy 'the two banks', i.e. 'Egypt'). More widely used in Dyn. XVIII, then often taking the place of earlier N 23, exx. tꜢ 'earth'; Ꜣḥt 'fields'; dmi 'town'.

N22 𓈆

sandy tongue of land (O.K. prototype of both N 20 and N 21)

In wḏb, see O.K. var. under N 20. det. land, exx. Dyn. III ꜥḥt 'field'; śḫt 'field'.

N23 𓈇

irrigation canal (Dyn. XI-XVIII; early identical with, and clearly a mere differentiation of, N 36)

Det. irrigated land, exx. tꜢ 'land'; tꜢš 'boundary'; in Dyn XVIII N 23 tends to be replaced by N 21. In Dyn. XI-XII over is found as det. of time, probably corrupted from over two horizontal strokes as used in words for 'tomorrow' and 'yesterday', exx. tr 'season'; rk 'time'.

N24 𓈈

land marked out with irrigation runnels

Ideo. or det. in sp(Ꜣ)t (śpꜢt) 'district', 'nome'; also in ḏꜢtt (?) 'estate'. Det. province, exx. TꜢ-wr 'nome of Abydos'; Šmꜥw 'Upper Egypt'; also garden in ḥsp (Pyr. ḥzp) 'garden'.

N25 𓈉

sandy hill country over edge of green cultivation

Ideo. or det. in ḫꜢst (ḫꜢśt) 'hill country', 'foreign land'. Det. desert, exx. smt (zmt) 'desert', 'necropolis'; ḥrt 'upland tomb'; iꜢbtt 'east'; also foreign countries, ex. Rṯnw 'Retjnu', 'Syria'. Ideo. in ḤꜢ (the desert-god) Ha'.

N26 𓈋

sand-covered mountain over edge of green cultivation

Ideo. in ḏw 'mountain', plur. ḏww. Hence phon. ḏw (later dw), exx. ḏwi 'call'; Ꜣbḏw 'Abydos'; wnḏw 'short-horned cattle'.

N27 𓈌

sun rising over mountain

Ideo. in Ꜣḫt 'horizon' (properly the place in the sky where the sun rises) and its derivatives.

N28 𓈍

hill over which are the rays of the rising sun

Ideo. in Pyr. ḫꜥ 'hill of the sunrise' and in ḫꜥi 'appear in glory'. Hence phon. ḫꜥ, ex. ḫꜥm, var. ẖꜥm, 'approach'.

N29 𓈎

sandy hill-slope

Cf. qꜢꜢ 'hill', 'height'. Hence phon. q.

N30 𓈏

mound of earth with shrubs

Ideo. or det. in iꜢt 'mound'.

N31 𓈐

road bordered by shrubs

Ideo. or det. in wꜢt 'road' and related words. Det. road, exx. mṯn 'road'; ḥrt 'road' (with related words); travel, in ꜥr 'mount up' and derivatives; position in general, exx. ꜥꜢ 'here'; r-sy 'entirely'; pfꜢ 'that'; distance, in ḥnty 'period'. Abbrev. ḥr (see ḥrt 'road' above) in I͗n-ḥrt '(the god) Onuris'; in ḥrw-r 'besides'; and for superstitious reasons in place of Ḥr 'Horus' on M.K. coffins; also abbrev. wꜢ in wꜢ r 'fall into' a bad state.

N32 𓈑

lump of clay or dung (O.K.)

Phon. det. in Pyr. śinw 'runners' on account of sin 'clay'. Also as alternative for F 52 in O.K. mḥśḥś 'filthy one'. In M.E. replaced by Aa 2.

N33 𓈒

grain of sand, pellet, or like. (For similar signs cf. D 12 and the circle, see after Z 8)

Det, sand, in šꜥy 'sand'; metal or mineral (often repeated), exx. nbw 'gold'; msdmt 'black eye-paint', 'kohl'; medicaments, incense, etc. exx. ṯꜢ 'pellet'; pẖrt 'medicine', 'prescription'. A sign of like appearance rarely takes the place of dangerous signs such as A 14 in religious documents, exx. ḫftyw 'enemies'; this practice dates from Pyr. Sometimes is substituted for the plural strokes , exx. gnwt 'annals'; šsrw 'bags'.

N34 𓈔

ingot of metal (Dyn. XVIII; in Dyn. XI the sign resembles W 13; in Dyn. III-V it resembles X 3)

Ideo. in 'copper', early perhaps read biꜢ and later ḥmt (?). Det. objects of copper or bronze, exx. ꜥnḫ 'mirror'; ḫꜥw 'weapons; minb 'axe'.

N35 𓈖

ripple of water (rarely vertically)

Cf. nt 'water'. Hence (?) phon. n. Perhaps phon. n too when used as a substitute for D 35 both in n 'not' and nn 'not'. In ḏt 'serf' replaces the sign of land N 17, a curious substitution (or error of transcription?) found also in Pyr.

N36 𓈘

channel filled with water (later form as det. irrigated land N 23)

Ideo. in mr 'canal', 'channel'. Hence phon. or phon. det. mr in var. mri 'love'; phon. mi, exx. mist 'liver'; miḥꜥt 'tomb'. Det. rivers, lakes, seas, exx. WꜢḏ-wr 'the sea', lit. 'the great green'; ḥꜥpy, var. M.K. ḥp, 'the inundation', here early interchanging with N 37. For use with N (35) as det. of names of rivers, lakes, seas from Dyn. XVIII on, see under N 35. Doubtless an irrigation canal when prototype of the later land-sign N 23, see there. In the fem. collective mrt 'weavers' the sign was probably understood as a weaver's reed, though the occasional presence of or may may have indicated the same value mr as in the masc. mr 'friend(s)', 'partisans'.

N37 𓈙

garden pool

Ideo. in š'pool'. Hence phon. š. Not seldom interchanging in hieroglyphic with N 36, ex. ḥꜥpyw 'inundations'. Appears to be a sign for irrigated land in śtꜢt 'aurora'; cf. the use of N 36 both as a channel of the Nile and, in its use as the early form of N 23, as an irrigation canal. Sometimes replaced the cake (see after X 4) in spellings of sn 'open'. Occasionally it serves as a large form of the block of stone O 39, ex. inr 'stone'.

N38 𓈛

garden pool with sloping sides (detailed form of N 37)

Use as last.

N39 𓈜

garden pool full of water (alternative of N 37)

Use as N 37.

N40 𓈝

combination of N 37 and D 54.

In šm 'go'.

N41 𓈞

well full of water

Det. well, ex. ẖnmt 'well'; pool, marsh, in pḥww 'limits', 'distant marshlands'. As substitute for the female organ in ḥmt 'woman', 'wife'. Hence phon. ḥm , exx. ḥm 'assuredly'; nḥm 'rescue'. Also as female organ in 'vulva', and derivatively 'cow', where the reading is more probably idt than ḥmt; cf. above F 45. For obscure reasons, phon. biꜢ, exx. biꜢ 'copper'; biꜢ 'firmament'; for the reading see biꜢw 'mine'.

N42 𓈟

well full of water (a common alternative form of last)

Use as last.

O1 𓉐

house

Ideo. in pr 'house', cf. the fem. collective pryt 'houses'. Hence phon. pr in pri 'go forth' and derivatives; only very rarely not initial pr, ex. for ḫpr 'become'. Det. house, bulding, exx. ꜥt 'room', 'department'; iwnn 'sanctuary'; ẖnw 'interior'; mꜥḥꜥt 'tomb'. Less suitably also in st 'seat', 'place'; nst 'seat' of office; Ꜣḫt 'horizon'.

O2 𓉒

combination of O 1 and T 13

In pr-ḥḏ 'treasury', lit. 'white house'.

O3 𓉓

combination of O 1, P 8, X 3, and W 22

In prt-ḫrw 'invocation offerings'.

O4 𓉔

reed shelter in fields

Ideo. in h 'room (?)'. Hence phon. h.

O5 𓉕

winding wall

Det. in mrrt 'street'; hence phon. or phon. det. mr in Mr-wr 'Menvis-bull'. For unknown reasons, phon. det. nm in nmi 'traverse'; also in nmi 'lowing' of cattle.

O6 𓉗

rectangular enclosure seen in plan

Ideo. in ḥwt 'castle', 'mansion', 'temple', 'tomb'. The full reading ḥwt, possibly later ḥyt, is suggested by the O.K. personal name Ḥwti and by the isolated variant Nbt-ḥyt, together with the Coptic equivalent of the name of the goddess Nephthys. Hence the transliteration ḥwt has been adoped in Gardiner's grammar except for the divine name Ḥt-ḥr 'Hathor', where the element ḥat is clearly in status constructus. However, in one passage of Dyn. XII it is used in ḥtt 'quarry', giving to the mere value ḥ.

O7 𓉞

alternative form of last (Dyn. XVIII)

Use as last.

O8 𓉟

combination of O 7 and O 29

In ḥwt-ꜥꜢt 'temple', earlier 'castle', lit. 'great castle'.

O9 𓉠

combination of O 7 and V 30

In Nbt-ḥyt '(the goddess) Nephthys'.

O10 𓉡

combination of O6 and G 5

In Ḥt-ḥr '(the goddess) Hathor'.

O11 𓉥

palace with battlements

Ideo. in ꜥḥ, var. M.K. iḥ, 'palace'.

O12 𓉦

combination of O 11 and D 36

In var. of ꜥḥ 'palace', see last.

O13 𓉧

battlemented enclosure

Det. in sbḫt 'gateway' and in the related verb sbḫ (śbḫ) 'wall in', 'enclose'.

O14 𓉨

portion and alternative of last

Use as last.

O15 𓉩

walled enclosure with buttresses, and with the signs W 10 and X 1

Ideo. in wsḫt (wśḫt) 'hall' in palace or temple.

O16 𓉪

gateway (?) surmounted by protecting serpents.

Ideo. or det. in tꜢ 'curtain(?)' and tꜢyt 'curtain'. Hence semi-ideo. in the title of the vizier tꜢyty 'he of the curtain'. For tꜢ-wr 'larboard' see on S 22.

O17 𓉫

O.K. form of last

Use as last.

O18 𓉬

shrine seen from side

Ideo. or det. in kꜢ(r)i (Pyr. kꜢr) 'chapel', 'shrine'.

O19 𓉭

primitive shrine

Det. in Pr-wr 'Great House' name of the pre-dynastic national shrine of Upper Egypt at Hieraconpolis (Nḫn); also of itrt in itrt šmꜥ(yt) 'the row of Upper Egyptian sanctuaries', as seen at the Sed-festival; hence also as collective term for 'the gods of Upper Egypt'.

O20 𓉯

shrine

Det. sanctuary, exx. itrt 'row of sanctuaries'; ḫm 'shrine'; especially of the Pr-nw or Pr-nsr (Pr-nzr), names of the pre-dynastic national sanctuary of Lower Egypt at Buto (P). Hence itrt mḥt 'the row of Lower Egyptian sanctuaries' and collective term for 'the gods of Lower Egypt'; see on O 19.

O21 𓉱

facade of shrine

Ideo. or det. in sḥ-nṯr (zḥ-nṯr) 'the divine booth'.

O22 𓉲

open booth supported by a pole

Ideo. or det. in sḥ, var. Pyr. zḥ, 'booth'; hence phon. sḥ (zḥ) in sḥ 'counsel'. In the combination the sign retains a value ḥb (ḥꜢb) which it formerly possessed when used alone. For see W 4.

O23 𓉳

hall used in the Sed-festival

Ideo. or det. in ḥb-sd (ḥb-śd) 'jubilee', 'Sed-festival'.

O24 𓉴

pyramid with side of surrounding wall

Det. in mr 'pyramid', 'tomb', and in names of specific royal pyramids, ex. QꜢ-nfr-I͗mnmḥꜢt 'the pyramid of Amenemhet-is-high-and-beautiful'. Hence also in Mn-nfr 'Memphis'.

O25 𓉶

obelisk

Ideo. or det. in tḫn 'obelisk'.

O26 𓉸

stela

Ideo. or det. stela, exx. wḏ 'stela'; ꜥḥꜥw 'station', 'stela'.

O27 𓉹

hall of columns

Det. hall of columns, exx. ḏꜢdw 'hall of columns'; ḫꜢ 'office'. From last, phon. or phon. det. ḫꜢ in ḫ(Ꜣ)w(y) 'night'.

O28 𓉺

column with tenon at top

Ideo. in iwn 'column'; for the reading cf. iwnyt 'hall of columns'. Hence phon. iwn, exx. iwnt 'bow'; I͗wnw 'Heliopolis'.

O29 𓉻

wooden column (also found vertically)

Cf. ꜥꜢ 'column'. Hence phon. ꜥꜢ, exx. ꜥꜢ 'great'; ḥꜥꜢ 'infant'. In group-writing is phon. ꜥ, exx. Tꜥmṯ 'Taꜥmeti', f. personal name; Ynꜥm 'Yenoam', Palestinian place-name.

O30 𓉽

supporting pole

Ideo. or det. in sḫnt (zḫnt) 'support' of heaven. For a similar sign, but reversed (with prongs down), see after U 12.

O31 𓉿

door

Ideo. or det. in ꜥꜢ 'door'; hence very rarely phon. ꜥꜢm ex, ꜥꜢmt 'Asiatic woman'. det. open, exx. wn 'open'; sn 'open'.

O32 𓊀

gateway

Det. door, gateway, exx. sbꜢ (śbꜢ) 'door'; sbḫt 'gateway'.

O33 𓊁

facade of palace or tomb

Det. in srḫ 'banner' for the Horus name.

O34 𓊃

bolt

Ideo. in s (z) 'bolt'. Hence phon. s (z). Also as substitute for R 22 in Ḫm 'Letopolis', the modern Ausim, NW. of Cairo.

O35 𓊄

combination of O 34 and D 54

In a number of words implying motion and having s (z) as a characteristic radical, exx. sbi 'go', 'pass', 'send'; si 'perish', later replaced by sbi; ms 'bring', 'offer'; is 'go' (imperative); sy (zy) 'who?', 'what?' There is much confusion in the value of , owing to the tendency (1) to write alone for sb, and (2) to write for simple s.

O36 𓊅

wall (occasionally horizontally)

Ideo. or det. in inb 'wall'. Det. wall, exx. sbty 'surrounding wall'; wmtt 'bulwark', 'fortification'; snb 'overleap' a wall.

O37 𓊊

falling wall

Det. overthrow, exx. shn 'overthrow'; sẖnn 'demolish' a wall; slanting, ex. gsꜢ 'tilt'.

O38 𓊋

corner of wall

Det. in qnbt 'corner', 'angle', whence qnbt 'magistrates', lit. perhaps 'those who sit at the corner'. Det. gate, in ꜥrrt 'gate'; corner (?), in mrrt 'street'. Ideo. or det. in ḥry (n) tm, an obscure title.

O39 𓊌

stone slab or brick (sometimes largle like N 37)

Det. stone and similar, exx. inr 's'tone'; ꜥꜢt 'valuable stone' for vessels, etc.; dbn 'deben-weight'; ꜥr 'pebble'; ḏbt 'brick'.

O40 𓊍

stairway

Det. stairway, exx. rwd 'stairway'; ḫtyw 'terrace', 'terraced hill'.

O41 𓊎

double stairway

Det. stairway, exx. qꜢy 'ascent', 'high place'; iꜥr 'ascend'.

O42 𓊏

fence outside primitive shrine O 19

Phon. šsp (šzp) in šsp, var. Pyr. šzp, 'receive', but early sšp; cf. sšp 'daylight'.

O43 𓊐

O.K. form of last

Use as last.

O44 𓊑

emblem erected outside the temple of Min

Ideo. or det. in iꜢt 'office', 'rank'.

O45 𓊒

domed building

Ideo. or det. in ipt 'harem'; ipꜢt is possibly the fuller form of the same word.

O46 𓊓

older form of last

Use as last.

O47 𓊔

a prehistoric building at Hieraconpolis (Dyn. XVIII form)

Ideo. in Nḫn 'Hieraconpolis', i.e. Kom el-Ahmar in Upper Egypt.

O48 𓊕

alternative form of last

Use as last.

O49 𓊖

a village with cross-roads

Ideo. in niwt 'village'; for the reading cf. Pyr. n(iw)tyw (?) 'those belonging to the lower heaven'. Det. village, town, ex. WꜢst 'Thebes'; inhabited region, in Kmt 'Egypt', lit. 'the black (land)'; ḏꜢtt(?) 'estate'.

O50 𓊗

circular threshing-floor covered with grain

Det. in spt (zpt) 'threshing-floor'. hence phon. or phon. det. sp (zp) in sp 'time', 'occasion' and related words. Note sp sn 'two times' as sign that a word or part of a word is to be repeated in reading, exx. ꜥšꜢ ꜥšꜢ 'very often'; ršrš 'rejoice'.

O51 𓊚

heap of grain on a raised mud floor

Ideo. or det. in šnwt 'granary'.

P1 𓊛

boat on water

Det. boat, ship, exx. 𓂧𓊪𓏏𓊛 dpt 'ship'; 𓎛𓂝𓅱𓊛𓏥 ḥꜥw 'ships; 𓊢𓂝𓅱𓊛𓏥 ꜥḥꜥw 'ships'; sail, travel by water, exx. 𓈖𓂝𓊛 nꜥi'sail'; 𓐍𓂧𓊛ḫdi 'fare downstream'; also det. in 𓃛𓅱𓊛 iw(y) 'one wihtout a boat'. As abbrev. the sign presents difficulties; 𓊹𓊛 is doubtless dpt-nṯr 'the divine bark'; in 𓄓𓊛 'overseer of ships' there is definite evidence in favour of ꜥḥꜥw, but possibly ꜥḥꜥw is merely a later writing of, or more recent substitute for, ḥꜥw; the singular 𓊛'boat' doubtless usually stood for 𓇋𓐛𓅓𓅱𓊛imw, but once at least represents the much rarer 𓈎𓄿𓈎𓄿𓏲𓊛ḳꜣḳꜣw.

(P1) 𓊜

boat upside down

Det. in 𓊪𓈖𓂝𓊜 pnꜥ 'upset', 'overturn'.

P2 𓊝

ship under sail

Det. in 𓏃𓈖𓏏𓊝 ḫnti 'sail upstream'.

P3 𓊞

sacred bark

Ideo. or det. in 𓅱𓇋𓄿𓊞 var. 𓊞 wiꜣ 'sacred bark'. Det. divine boats, exx. 𓎙𓅓𓏏𓊞 mꜥnḏt 'bark of the dawn'; 𓈖𓈙𓅓𓏏𓊞 nšmt 'the neshmet-bark', i.e. the sacred boat of Abydus. Also det. sail, when divine journeys are meant, ex. 𓍑𓄿𓊞 ḏꜣi 'cross' sky, and said of Re.

P4 𓊠

fisherman's boat with net

Semi-ideo. in wḥꜥ 'fisherman', plur. wḥꜥw, together with the related words.

P5 𓊡

sail

Ideo. or det. ṯꜢw 'breath', 'wind'. Det. wind, exx. mḥyt 'north wind'; ḏꜥw 'storm'; sail, in ḥtꜢw 'sail'. Ideo. also in nfw 'skipper', late var. nfy.

P6 𓊢

mast

Phon. ꜥḥꜥ in 𓂝𓊢𓂝𓂻 var. 𓊢𓂝𓂻 ꜥḥꜥ 'stand' and derivatives.

P7 𓊣

combination of P 6 and D 36

Use as last, ex 𓊣𓊛𓏥ꜥḥꜥw 'ships'.

P8 𓊤

oar

Det. oar, exx. wsrw 'oars'; ḥpt 'oar'. Perhaps from a word 'oar' known only from the king's name Nb-ḫrw(?)-Rꜥ 'Nebkherura' phon. ḫrw, exx. ḫrw 'voice'; ḫrwy 'enemy'.

P9 𓊥

combination of P 8 and I 9

In ḫr(y).fy 'says'.

P10 𓊦

steering oar

Det. in ḥmw 'steering oar'; ḥmy 'steersman'.

P11 𓊧

mooring post

Det. in mnit (minit) 'mooring post' and the related words. In hieratic often indistinguishable from T 14 and consequently so usually transcribed.

Q1 𓊨

seat

Ideo. in st, var. Pyr. śt, 'seat', 'place'. Hence phon. st (śt), exx. mꜢst 'lap'; nmst 'jar'; ws (wś) in Wsir 'Osiris'; Ꜣs (Ꜣś), in Ꜣst (Ꜣśt) 'Isis'. From a word ḥtmt 'chair' (Dyn. XIX) phon. ḥtm, ex ḥtm 'perish'.

Q2 𓊩

portable seat (sometimes reversed)

Ideo. in st 'seat' (rare). Phon. ws (wś) in Wsir 'Osiris'.

Q3 𓊪

stool of reed matting

Cf. p 'base' (for shrine), Ptolemaic p 'seat', Coptic poi 'bench'. Hence phon. p. For see M 7.

Q4 𓊫

head-rest

Det. in wsr (wśr) 'head-rest'.

Q5 𓊬

chest (varied much in form)

Det. box, chest, exx. hn 'box'; ꜥfdt 'chest'.

Q6 𓊭

coffin (varied much in form)

Ideo. or det. in qrsw (qrśw) 'coffin'. Det. in qrs 'bury'.

Q7 𓊮

brazier with flame rising from it

Det. fire, exx. ḫt 'fire'; sḏt 'flame'; heat, exx. rkḥ 'heat'; tꜢ 'hote'; cook, etc., exx. psi 'cook'; Ꜣbw 'brand'; torch, in tkꜢ 'torch', 'candle'. Also abbrev. for srf (śrf) 'temperature'; nsrsr (nśrśr) in I͗w-nsrsr, a mythical locality.

R1 𓊯

table with loaves and jug

Ideo. or det. in ḫꜢwt, varr. ḫꜢt, 'table of offerings'.

R2 𓊰

table with conventionalized slices of bread

Ideo. or det. in ḫꜢy(t), varr. ḫꜢt, 'table of offerings'.

R3 𓊲

four-legged table with loaves and libation vase

Ideo. or det. in wḏḥw, var. Pyr. wdḥw, 'table of offerings'. Also as abbrev., especially in the title sš wdḥw 'scribe of the offering-table'.

R4 𓊵

loaf X 2 on a reed-mat

Ideo. in ḥtp 'altar'. Hence semi phon. ḥtp in ḥtp 'rest', 'be pleased' and derivatives.

R5 𓊶

censer for fumigation (after O.K. doubtless misunderstood)

Ideo. or det. in kꜢp 'fumigate'. Hence phon. kꜢp 'harem', 'nursery', 'private apartments'; kp, ex. Kpny 'Byblos', a town in Phoenicia.

R6 𓊷

O.K. form of last

Use as last.

R7 𓊸

bowl for incense with smoke rising from it

Ideo. or det. in sntr 'incense'. Also as equivalent of O.K. W 10* in bꜢ 'soul'; also in bꜢ 'ram'.

R8 𓊹

cloth wound on a pole, emblem of divinity

Ideo. in nṯr 'god'. Hence phon. (semi-ideo.) nṯr, ex. ntry, var. Pyr. nṯr(i), 'divine'. Very rarely det. for a god, ex. Gbb 'Geb'.

R9 𓊺

combination of R 8 and V 33

Ideo. or det. in bd '(a kind of) natron'.

R10 𓊻

combination of R 8 and T 28 and N 29

Ideo. in ẖr(t)-nṯr 'necropolis'.

R11 𓊽

column imitating a bundle of stalks tied together

Ideo. in ḏd 'djed-column'. Hence phon. ḏd in var. Pyr. ḏdi 'be stable', 'enduring' and derivatives. The twofold writing of the sign in the town-name doubtless indicates the change of value from ḏd to dd.

R12 𓊾

standard for carrying religious symbols

Det. in iꜢt 'standard'. Also accompanyng various ideograms for gods, exx. Mnw '(the god) Min'; ḤꜢ '(the god) Ḥa. Cf. also D 29; E 18; G 7; G 26; R 13.

R13 𓊿

falcon G 5 on R 12 with feather (O.K. to Dn. XII)

As emblem of the West, ideo in imnt 'west' and the related words. For the reading compare Pyr. imn 'right', 'right-hand'.

R14 𓋀

abbrev. of last, omitting falcon and enlarging feather (from Dyn. VI onward)

Ideo. in imnt 'west' and related words, including wnmy, var. Pyr. wnmi, 'right' hand, side, etc.

R15 𓋁

spear decked out as standard

As emblem of the East, ideo. in iꜢbt 'east' and related words, ex. iꜢby, varr. Pyr. iꜢbi, 'left-hand'. From Dyn. XVIII on, by confusion with U 23, phon. Ꜣb, exx. Ꜣbḏw 'Abydos'; Ꜣb.n 'has desired'.

R16 𓋂

papyrus-shaped wand with feathers

Ideo. or det. in wḫ 'the wḫ-fetish' of Cusae in Upper Egypt.

R17 𓋄

wig, with fillet and plumes, on pole (Dyn. XVIII)

Fetish of Abydos, ideo. or det. in TꜢ-wr 'the nome of Abydos or This'.

R18 𓋅

variant form of last

Use as last.

R19 𓋆

the was scepter S 40 with fillet and feather

As emblem of the Upper Egyptian nome of Hermonthis and its town, ideo. in WꜢst (WꜢśt), var. dyn. XX Ws(r), 'Thebes'. For iꜢtt 'milk' see on S 40.

R20 𓋇

conventionalized flower (?) surmounted by horns

As emblem of the goddess of writing ideo. in SšꜢt, var. Pyr. ŚšꜢt, late var. Sšt, '(the goddess) Seshat'.

R21 𓋈

O.K. form of last

Use as last.

R22 𓋉

two fossil belemnites?

As emblem of the god of Panopolis (Ekhmim) and of Coptus (Qif) ideo. in Mnw '(the god) Min'. The name of Letopolis (Ausim) in the Delta reads Ḫm; from M.K. onwards O 34 is often substituted for R 22 , see on O 34. Hence phon. ḫm in ḫm 'shrine'.

R23 𓋊

O.K. form of last

Use as last.

R24 𓋋

two bows tied in a package (sometimes also vertically)

As emblem of the goddess of Sais, ideo. or det. in Nt(Nrt, Nit) '(the goddess) Neith'.

R25 𓋌

O.K. form of last

Use as last.

(N18)S 𓈀

a garment

Ideo. of det. in dꜢiw 'loin-cloth'.

(V39) 𓎬

tie or straps with a different arrangement of the same elements as S34

S1 𓋑

white crown of Upper Egypt

Ideo. or det. in ḥḏt 'the white crown'. Det. white crown, exx. šmꜥ-s 'crown of Upper Egypt'; wrrt 'great crown'.

S2 𓋒

the last in basket V 30

Ideo. or det. ḥḏt 'white crown'. Det white crown, in wrrt 'great crown'.

S3 𓋔

red crown of Lower Egypt

Ideo. or det. in dšrt 'red crown'. Det. red crown, ex. mḥ-s 'crown of Lower Egypt'. From Pyr. nt 'crown of Lower Egypt' phon. n, rare before Dyn. XVIII. Substituted for L 2 for superstitious reasons in sḏwty (?) bity 'treasurer of the king of Lower Egypt'; also in n-sw-bit 'king of Upper and Lower Egypt'.

S4 𓋕

the last in basket V 30

Det. red crown, exx. nt 'net-crown'; mḥ-s 'crown of Lower Egypt'. very rarely phon. n, like S 3.

S5 𓋖

combines white and red crowns

Det. double crown in sḫmty 'the double drown' of Upper and Lower Egypt, lit. 'the two powerful ones'.

S6 𓋗

the last in basket V 30

Ideo. or det. double crown, exx. sḫmty 'the double crown'; wrrt 'the great crown'.

S7 𓋙

the blue crown

Ideo. or det. in ḫprš 'the blue crown'.

S8 𓋚

the atef-crown

Ideo. or det. in tf 'the atef-crown'.

S9 𓋛

two plumes

Ideo. or det. in šwty 'double plumes'.

S10 𓋜

band of cloth as fillet

Ideo. or det. wreath, exx. wꜢḥw 'wreath'; mḏḥ 'fillet'. from this last, phon. mḏḥ (mdḥ) in mḏḥ , var. mdḥ, 'hew' and the related noun mḏḥ(w) 'carpenter', 'shipwright'.

S11 𓋝

collar of beads with falcon-headed terminals

Ideo. or det. in wsḫ (wśḫ) 'collar'. Hence occasionally phon. or phon. det. wsḫ (wśḫ) exx. wsḫ 'breadth'; swsḫ 'widen'.

S12 𓋞

collar of beads

Depicted with the name nbyt 'collar'. Hence ideo. in nbw 'gold' and the related words. Det. precious metal, exx. ḏꜥm 'fine gold'; ḥḏ 'silver'.

S13 𓋟

combination of S 12 and D 58

Ex. nbi 'gild', 'fashion'.

S14 𓋠

combination of S 12 and T 3

In ḥḏ 'silver'.

S14* 𓋡

combination of S 12 and T 3

In ḏꜥm 'fine gold', see under S 40, 41.

S15 𓋣

pectoral of glass or fayence beads (Dyn. XVIII form)

Ideo. or det. in tḥnt, var. O.K. ṯḥnt, 'fayence', 'glass', and in other words from the stem ṯḥn 'sparkle', 'be dazzling'.

S16 𓋤

O.K. form of last

Use as last.

S17 𓋥

another O.K. form of S 15

Use as last.

S17* 𓋦

girdle as worn by various gods (Pyr.)

Ideo. in the name of the goddess Šsmtt (Šzmtt) 'Shesmetet'. Phon. šsm in šsmt 'malachite'; also in TꜢ-šsmt 'To-shemet', a region E. of Egypt.

S18 𓋧

bead necklace with counterpoise

Ideo. or det. in mnit 'bead necklace', 'menat'.

S19 𓋨

cylinder-seal attached to bead-necklace

Ideo. in sḏꜢwty (?) 'treasurer', plur. sḏꜢwtyw (?), and in the related sḏꜢw (?) 'precious'.

S20 𓋩

cylinder-seal attached to bead-necklace (as seen from the front)

Ideo. or det. in ḫtm 'seal' and related words. Det. seal, in sḏꜢyt 'seal'; ḏbꜥt 'signet-ring'. Ideo. or det. in šꜥty 'seal', a unit of value. Also as substitute for S 19, ex. sḏꜢwty (?) bity 'treasurer of the king of Lower Egypt' also as substitute for E 31 (sꜥḥ).

S21 𓋪

ring (possibly a plain finger-ring)

Det. ring, ex. iwꜥw, var. ꜥꜥw, 'ring'. A similar, if not identical, sign in sšw 'ring' (of silver).

S22 𓋫

shoulder-knot

Phon. sṯ (śṯ), ex. Sṯt, (1) 'Asia', (2) 'Sehel', an island in the First Cataract; also st in sti 'pour'. Also, for unknown reasons, ideo. or det. in O.K. tꜢ-wr 'larboard'; here later apparently replaced by O 17.

S23 𓋬

knotted strips of cloth

Ideo. or det. in dmd, var. dmḏ, 'unite' and derivatives. Different from Aa 6.

S24 𓋭

girdle knot

Ideo. in ṯst (1) 'knot', (2) 'vertabra'. Hence semi-ideo. in ṯs, var. Pyr. ṯz, 'tie', 'bind' and derivatives.

S25 𓋮

a garment

Cf. O.K. iꜥꜢ, 'skirt (?)'. Hence (?) ꜥw 'dragoman'.

S26 𓋯

apron

Ideo. or det. in šndyt, var. Pyr. šnḏwt, 'apron'.

S27 𓋲

horizontal strip of cloth with two strands of a fringe

Ideo. or det. in mnḫt 'clothing'.

S28 𓋳

strip of cloth with fringe combined with the folded cloth S 29

Det. in ḥbs (ḥbś) 'cloth', 'clothing'. Det. cloth, ex. insy 'red cloth'; nms 'head-cloth'; notions connected with clothing, exx. ḥꜢy 'naked'; ḥꜢp 'conceal'; kfi 'uncover'.

S29 𓋴

folded cloth

Phon. s (ś); the originating word is unknown. Abbrev. for snb in the formula ꜥnḫ wḏꜢ snb 'may he live, be prosperous, be healthy'.

S30 𓋵

combination of S 29 and I 9

Phon. sf in sf 'yesterday'.

S31 𓋶

combination of S 29 and U 1

Phon. smꜢ, ex smꜢ 'fighting bull'.

S32 𓋷

piece of cloth with fringe

Ideo. or det. in siꜢt, var. Pyr. śiꜢt, 'piece of cloth'. Hence phon siꜢ (śiꜢ) in siꜢ, var. O.K. śiꜢ, 'recognize'.

S33 𓋸

sandal

Ideo. or det. in ṯbt, var. Dyn. XVIII tbt, 'sandal'. Hence semi-phon. or phon. det. ṯb, later tb, in ṯb 'be shod'; ṯbw 'sandal-maker'.

S34 𓋹

sandal

Ideo. or det. in ṯbt, var. Dyn. XVIII tbt, 'sandal'. Hence semi-phon. or phon. det. ṯb, later tb, in ṯb 'be shod'; ṯbw 'sandal-maker'.

S35 𓋺

sunshade of ostrich feathers

Ideo. in šwt 'shadow', 'shade'. Ideo. or det. in sryt '(military) standard'.

S36 𓋼

O.K. form of last (common also in M.E.)

Use as last. In the rare divine name Ḥp(wy) 'Hepui', doubtless a personification of the two sunshades accompanying the king; the reading is ascertained from varr. of a very late word.

S37 𓋽

short-handled fan

Ideo. or det. in ḫw 'fan'.

S38 𓋾

crook

Ideo. or det. in ḥq(Ꜣ)t 'sceptre'. Hence phon. ḥqꜢ, exx. ḥqꜢ 'rule'; ḥqꜢt 'hekat-measure'. Also usually replaces the awet-sceptre S 39 in hieroglyphic writing, ex. ꜥwt 'flock(s)'; Pyr. ꜥwt 'awet-sceptre'. From the stem iꜢq found in two Pyr. words comes the rare divine name Ꜣqs 'Akes', personification of some part of the royal apparel, later reading Ḥqs,

S39 𓋿

peasant's crook (N.B. not curved backward like S 38)

Cf. ꜥwt, name of the sceptre of the shape . Usually replaced in hieroglyphic writing by S 38, but occasionally phon. ꜥwt, ex. ꜥwt 'flocks'.

S40 𓌀

sceptre with straight shaft and head of Seth-(?)animal (cf. too R 19)

Ideo. or det. in wꜢs, var. Pyr. wꜢś, 'was-sceptre'; hence phon. or phon. det. wꜢs (wꜢś), ex. wꜢsi 'decay'. In hieroglyphic writing usually represents also the djam-sceptre S 41, exx. ḏꜥm 'djam-sceptre', whence phon. ḏꜥm in ḏꜥm 'fine gold'. Phon. wꜢb (?) in WꜢb(wy) (?) 'the Oxyrhynchite nome', on the evidence of a twice found name of a locality WꜢbwt. Phon. iꜢtt in iꜢtt 'milk', 'cream'. For see R 19; for see S 14*.

S41 𓌁

sceptre with spiral shaft and head of Seth(?)-animal

Cf. ḏꜥm, name of a sceptre of the form . Hence phon. ḏꜥm, occasionally in inscriptions of Dyn. XVIII in ḏꜥmw 'fine gold'.

S42 𓌂

sceptre of authority (it is impossible to distinguish separate forms for the various uses)

Ideo. or det. in ꜥbꜢ 'aba-sceptre'; hence phon. or phon. det. ꜥbꜢ, exx. ꜥbꜢ 'stela'; ꜥb(Ꜣ) 'shine'. From a sceptre named sḫm (śḫm), 'sekhem-sceptre', phon. sḫm (śḫm), exx. sḫm 'have power'; very late var. sḫm 'sisrum'. Ideo. or det. in ḫrp 'be at head', 'control' and related words, cf. D 44. In title is possibly always to be read ḫrp; at all events this reading is verifiable in some cases, exx. ḫrp nsty 'controller of the two seats', a priestly title; ḫrp kꜢt 'controller of works', cf. ḫrp kꜢt 'to undertake works', 'construction'.

S43 𓌃

walking-stick

Ideo. in md(w) 'walking-stick', 'staff'. Hence phon. md in m(w)dw 'speak' and derivatives.

S44 𓌄

walking-stick with flagellum S 45

Ideo. or det. in Ꜣms (Ꜣmś) ames-sceptre'.

S45 𓌅

flagellum; perhaps originally used by goat-herds for collecting ladanum

Ideo. or det. in nḫḫw, var. nḫꜢḫꜢ, 'flagellum'.

(Aa32) 𓐮

archaic type of bow

T1 𓌇

prehistoric mace with cup- or dish-shaped head

Cf. mnw 'mace', name of this type of mace on M.K. coffins. Hence phon. mnw, exx. m n.k 'take to thyself'; Swmnw, var. Smnw, 'Sumenu', a town where Sobek was worshipped, possibly El-Rizeiqat, 14 km. N. of Gebelen.

T2 𓌈

mace with pear-shaped head in act of smiting

Det. in sqr (śqr), var. sq(r)i, 'smite'.

T3 𓌉

mace with pear-shaped head (vertical)

Ideo. in ḥḏ 'mace'. Hence phon. ḥḏ, exx. ḥḏi 'damage; ḥḏ 'be bright', 'white'.

T4 𓌋

the same with a strap to pass round hand

Use as last.

T5 𓌌

combination of T 3 and I 10

Use as last.

T6 𓌍

combination of T 3 and two I 10

Phon. ḥḏḏ, ex. ḥḏḏwt 'brightness'. For see O 2; for see S 14.

T7 𓌎

axe

Det. in O.K. mibt 'axe', which is undoubtedly related to M.K. minb 'axe'. Det. in mdḥm var, mḏḥ, 'hew', and ideo. in the related words mḏḥ(w) 'carpenter', 'shipwright'.

T7* 𓌏

axe of more recent type

Det. in Ꜣqḥw 'axe'.

T8 𓌐

dagger of archaic type

Det. of mtpnt 'dagger'. Phon. in tpy 'chief', 'first', 'being upon', value probably derived from an obsolete word tp 'dagger' found only once and obviously related to mtpnt mentioned above.

T8* 𓌑

dagger of M.K. and later type

Det. in b(Ꜣ)gsw 'dagger'.

T9 𓌒

bow consisting of oryx horns joined by a wooden center-piece

Ideo. or det. in pḏt 'bow'. Hence phon. (semi-ideo) or phon. det. pḏ, later pd, in pḏ, later pd, 'stretch' and the related words.

T9* 𓌓

better O.K. form of T 9

Use as last.

T10 𓌔

composite bow with middle tied to bow-string when out of use

Det. in Pyr. iwnt 'bow'. From dyn. XII on preferred to T 9 in the hieroglyphic writing of pḏt 'bow', 'foreign people', 'troop'; pḏty 'bowman', while is preferred for phon. pḏ, pd.

T11 𓌕

arrow

det. in ꜥḥꜢ 'arrow'; šsr (šśr) 'arrow'; from the latter, phon. det. in sẖr 'overlay'. Doubtless from an obsolete zin, zwn 'arrow', phon. or phon. det. sin, swn (zin, zwn), exx. swn, var. Pyr. zin, 'perish'; swnt 'sale'; 'physician' swnw, var. O.K. zinw (?), the M.E. reading swnw on the evidence of a var. wr swnw 'chief of physicians'.

T12 𓌗

bow-string

Ideo. or det. in rwd, varr. Pyr. rwḏ, 'string', 'bow-string'. Hence phon. or phon. det. rwḏ, rwd, exx. rwd, var. Pyr. rwḏ, 'be hard', 'firm'; rwdt, var. rwḏt, 'sandstone'. Ideographic det. in Ꜣr 'restrain'; hence phon. det. Ꜣr, Ꜣi, exx. mꜢi(r) 'wretched'; dꜢi(r), abbrev. dꜢr 'subdue'.

T13 𓌘

pieces of wood joined and lashed at the joint

Semi-ideo. (?) in rs (rś) 'be wakeful', 'vigilant' and derivatives; phon. rs in rst 'foreign hordes'.

T14 𓌙

(1) throw-stick, (2) club as a foreign weapon of warfare

(1) det. in ꜥmꜥꜢt 'throw-stick' with the related verb ꜥmꜥꜢ 'throw'; also in qmꜢ 'throw' and the kindred qmꜢ 'create', 'form' and derivatives. The combination in qmꜢ above-quoted and in ṯni 'distinquish' indicates that is here the throw-stick, not the club, see on G 41. (2) As club, is found in Ṯḥnw 'Libya; ꜥꜢm 'Asiatic'. Extended gradually as det. to all foreign peoples and countries, exx. Tmḥi 'TemHi-land'; Nḥsy 'Nubian'. (3) takes he place of various other signs, partly due to identity or close similarity in hieratic; thus it takes the place of (a) Aa 26 in sbi 'rebel'; (b) of M 3 in ḏꜥr 'search for'; (c) of P 11 in m(i)ni 'moor'; (d) of T 13, see under that sign; (e) probably also of D 50 in mtr 'witness' and the like, though examples of such confusion in modern publications may sometimes be due to inexact copying.

T15 𓌚

O.K. form of last

Use as last.

T16 𓌛

scimetar

Det. in ḫpš 'scimetar'.

T17 𓌝

chariot

Ideo. or det. in wrrt 'chariot'.

T18 𓌞

crook S 39 with a package containing a knife, etc. lashed to it

Ideo. in šms, Pyr. var. šmś, 'follow', 'accompany', and derivatives.

T19 𓌟

harpoon-head of bone

Det. in qs (qś) 'bone', 'harpoon'. Hence phon. or phon. det. qs (qś), in qsn 'be irksome'; qrs (qrś), in qrs 'bury' and derivatives. For reasons unknown, phon. or phon. det. gn in gnwt 'annals'; possibly also in gnwty (?) 'sculptor' (in relief), reading not fully established. Det. bone, exx. Ꜣb 'ivory'; tubular, exx. mꜢwt 'shaft'; twr 'reed (?)', whence phon. det. in tw(r)i 'be pure'.

T20 𓌠

O.K. form of last

Use as last.

T21 𓌡

one-barbed harpoon (rarely vertically)

Ideo. in wꜥ 'one' and derivatives.

T22 𓌢

two-barbed arrow-head

Ideo. in snw 'two' and in related words like sn (śn) 'brother'. Hence phon. sn (śn), exx. sn (śn), var. Pyr. śin, 'smell', 'kiss'; sntr 'incense'.

T23 𓌣

alternative form of last (Dyn. XVIII)

Use as last.

T24 𓌤

fishing-net

Det. in ꜥḥ, var. iḥ, 'net' animals. Hence phon. ꜥḥ or iḥ, exx. ꜥḥt 'field', 'holding'; ꜥḥwty, iḥwty 'field-laborer', 'tenant-farmer'.

T25 𓌥

reed-float used in fishing and hunting the hippopotamus

Cf. ḏbꜢw 'floats'. Phon. ḏbꜢ, exx. ḏbꜢ 'cloth', 'adorn'; ḏbꜢ, var. dbꜢ, 'replace'.

T26 𓌦

bird-trap

Ideo. or det. in sḫt (śḫt) 'trap,' 'snare (birds)' and derivatives.

T27 𓌧

O.K. form of last

Use as last.

T28 𓌨

butcher's block (to be distinguished from W 11 and W 12)

Semi-ideo. (?) in ẖr 'under'. Phon. ẖr, exx. mẖr 'storehouse'; ẖrt 'portion', 'due'.

T29 𓌩

combination of T 30 and T 28

Ideo. in nmt 'place of slaughter'. For see R 10; for see W 5.

T30 𓌪

knife (used early also as substitute for the saw)

Det. knife, ex. ds 'knife' (semi-ideo. in ds 'flint'); sharp, in dm 'be sharp', 'pronounce (name)'; cut, exx. šꜥd 'cut down'; rḫs 'slaughter'; ḫti 'carve'. Note the abbrev. dmt 'knife'. For see D 57.

T31 𓌫

knife-sharpener (?)

Phon. sšm (śšm) in sšm (śšm) 'guide', 'lead' and derivatives.

T32 𓌬

combination of T 31 and D 54

Phon. sšm in sšm (śšm) 'guide', 'lead'.

T33 𓌮

knife-sharpener as carried by butcher (O.K.)

Ideo. in śšm (?) 'butcher'.

T34 𓌰

butcher's knife

Ideo. in nm 'knife (?)'. Hence phon. nm, exx. nmḥ 'orphan'; ḫnms 'friend'.

T35 𓌱

alternative form of last

Use as last.

(Aa23) 𓐥

warp stretched between two uprights

(Aa24) 𓐦

O.K. form of last

(O30) 𓉽

pitchfork (should be inverted)

U1 𓌳

sickle

Ideo. in mꜢ 'sickle-shaped end' of the wiꜢ-boat P 3. Hence phon. mꜢ, exx. mꜢꜢ 'see'; tmꜢ 'mat'. In group-writing is used for m. A sign similar, but not quite identical, in shape is used as det. in Ꜣsḫ 'reap'; also perhaps in ḫꜢbb, var. ẖꜢbb, 'crookedness'.

U2 𓌴

alternative form of last

Use as last.

U3 𓌵

combination of U 1 and D 4

In mꜢꜢ 'see'.

U4 𓌶

combination of U 1 and Aa 11

In mꜢꜥt 'truth' and the related words. For see G 3; for see G 46; for see S 31.

U5 𓌷

alternative form of last

Use as last.

U6 𓌸

hoe

Det. cultivate, hack up, exx. ꜥd 'hack up'; ḫbs 'cultivate', 'hoe'. For unknown reason, phon. mr, exx. mri 'love'; mrḥt 'unguent'. Sometimes in place of U 8, phon. ḥn, ex. ḥn 'go', 'depart'.

U7 𓌻

alternative form of last

Use as last.

U8 𓌼

hoe, without the rope connecting the two pieces

Det. in Pyr. 'hoe'. Hence phon. ḥn, ex. ḥnw 'ḥnw-barque'.

U9 𓌽

corn-measure with grain pouring out

Det. grain, exx. bdt 'emmer'; sšr (old śšr) 'corn'; measure, exx. ḫꜢi 'measure'; ḥqꜢt 'hekat-measure'.

U10 𓌾

U 9 beneath M 33

Ideo. in it 'barley', 'corn'. Sometimes in Dyn. XVIII instead of U 9 as det. grain, ex. bty (from bdt) 'emmer'.

U11 𓌿

combination of S 39 and U 9

In ḥqꜢt 'hekat-measure'.

U12 𓍀

combination of d 50 and U 9

In ḥqꜢt 'hekat-measure'.

U13 𓍁

plough

Det. plough, in hb 'plough' (n.); skꜢ 'plough' (vb.); also in prt 'seed'. From hb 'plough', phon. hb, exx. hbny 'ebony'; hbnt, a liquid measure. From Dyn. V onwards replaces U 14 as phon. or phon. det. šnꜥ in šnꜥ 'repel'; šnꜥw 'policing'; šnꜥ 'magazine', 'ergastulum'.

U14 𓍂

two branches of wood joined at one end (O.K.)

Old sign for šnꜥ later replaced by U 13.

U15 𓍃

sledge

Cf. 'sledge'. Hence phon. tm, exx. tm 'be complete'; ḥtm 'perish'.

U16 𓍄

sledge with head of a jackal bearing a load of metal (?)

Det. in wnš 'sledge'. Ideo. (?) in Pyr. biꜢi 'of copper' (adj.). Hence perhaps phon. or phon. det. biꜢ in by (orig. biꜢ) 'wonder', and related words; for the reading cf. biꜢt 'wonder' (n.).

U17 𓍅

pick excavating a pool N 38

Ideo. in grg 'found', 'established', 'snare'. Hence phon. det. grg in grg 'falsehood, 'lie'.

U18 𓍆

O.K. form of last

Use as last.

U19 𓍇

adze

Ideo. in Pyr. nwty 'the two adzes'. Hence phon. nw in groups, exx. nw 'this'; nwḥ 'rope'. In group writing used for n.

U20 𓍈

O.K. form of last

Use as last.

U21 𓍉

adze at work on a block of wood

Det. in O.K. śtp 'cut up' ox. Hence semi-ideo. or phon. stp (śtp), in stp 'choose' and derivatives; inaccurately also sṯp, in sṯp, var. Pyr. śṯp, 'leap up'.

U22 𓍊

chisel

Det. in O.K. mnḫ 'fashion', 'carve' and mnḫ 'chisel'. Hence semi-ideo. in mnḫ 'be efficient' and the related words.

U23 𓍋

chisel (?)

For unknown reason, phon. mr, exx. mr 'be ill'; smr 'friend', 'courtier'. Also for unknown reason, phon. Ꜣb, exx. Ꜣbi 'desire'; Ꜣbḫ 'be united in'. For , see Aa 21, 22.

U24 𓍍

stone-worker's drill weighted at the top with stones (Dyn. XVIII)

Ideo. in ḥmt 'craft', 'art' and the related words.

U25 𓍎

O.K. form of last.

Use as last.

U26 𓍏

drill being used to bore a hole in a bead (Dyn. XVIII)

Ideo. in wbꜢ 'open up' and derivatives.

U27 𓍐

O.K. form of last (also used later)

Use as last.

U28 𓍑

fire-drill (Dyn. XVIII)

Cf. ḏꜢ 'fire-drill'. Hence phon. ḏꜢ, exx. ḏꜢi 'ferry across' ḥꜥḏꜢ 'pillage'; ḏꜢt 'remainder'. Abbrev. for wḏꜢ in the formula ꜥnḫ wḏꜢ snb 'may he live, be prosperous, be healthy'. In group-writing or is phon. ḏ.

U29 𓍒

O.K. form of last (also used later)

Use as last.

U30 𓍔

potter's kiln

Ideo. in O.K. tꜢ 'kiln'. Hence phon. tꜢ, exx. tꜢ 'be hot'; štꜢ 'mysterious', 'difficult'. In the geographic name Ḫt 'Hittite land' should be read simply t, not tꜢ.

U31 𓍕

instrument employed in baking (?)

Ideo. or det. in rthty 'baker'. Hence det. in the related words rtḥ 'restrain'; itḥ 'prison'. Probably for some reason connected with its use ideo. or det. in ḫn(r)i 'restrain'; ḫnrtm var, ḫnt, 'harem'. Through similarity in hieratic sometimes substituted for D 19 or D 20, ex. ssnt 'breath'.

U32 𓍖

pestle and mortar

Det. of sḥm, O.K. zḥm, 'pound'; also of O.K. śmn, zmn 'press down' bread with a stick; from this latter phon. or phon. det. smn (zmn) IN ḥsmn 'natron'; ḥsmn 'bronze'; smn (old śmn) 'establish'. Det. pound, also in ḥmꜢt 'salt'; heavy, in dns 'heavy'; wdn 'heavy'.

U33 𓍘

pestle

Ideo. in tit 'pestle (?)' of red granite (mꜢṯ); hence (?) phon. ti, exx. hr.ti 'thou art content'; ꜥnḫ.ti 'may she live!'; more rarely phon. t, especially beside ḥ, exx. tḥnt 'fayence'; ḥts 'inaugurate (a feast)'. In group-writing or or is phon. t, ex. Ti, name of a Syrian locality.

U34 𓍙

spindle

Ideo. in ḫsf 'spin'. Hence semi-ideo. or phon. ḫsf (ḫśf) in the related verb ḫsf (ḫśf) 'repel', 'oppose' and its derivatives.

U35 𓍚

combination of U 34 and I 9

Use as last.

U36 𓍛

club used by fullers in washing

Ideo. in ḥmww 'fuller (?)'. Hence (?) phon. ḥm, in ḥm 'slave' and the related words; also in ḥm 'majesty'. For see D 31.

U37 𓍜

razor

Det. in ḫꜥq 'shave'.

U38 𓍝

balance

Ideo. or det. in mḫꜢt 'balance'.

U39 𓍞

post of balance

Det. in wṯst 'post (of balance)' and in the related verb wṯs 'lift', 'carry', 'wear'. Secondarily also det. in ṯsi (ṯśi) 'raise', 'lift'.

U40 𓍟

semi-hieratic alternative to last (Dyn. XVIII)

Use as last, ex. wṯsw 'those who have worn'. Also, owing to similarity in hieratic, used for T 13, ex. rs-tp 'vigilant'.

U41 𓍠

plummet used in connection with the balance

Det. in tḫ 'plummet'.

V1 𓍢

coil of rope

Det. rope, exx. nwḥ 'rope'; hꜢtt 'front-rope' of ship; actions with rope or cord, exx. itḥ 'drag'; ṯs 'tie'; mnḫ 'string' beads; šni 'encircle', 'surround'. Probably from šnw 'network', phon. or phon. det. šn in šnt 'dispute', the relations of which with šni 'exorcise', 'litigate' and with šnṯ 'contend' require further study. Another possibly related word is št (šnt?) 'hundred'. A similar, but doubtless different, sign is det. in ḫꜢb 'bent appendage' (of metal?) belonging to the crown . For as substitute for G 43, see Z 7.

V2 𓍬

bolt O 34 combined with the cord V 1 used for drawing it

Ideo. in sṯꜢ (śṯꜢ), later stꜢ, 'drag', 'draw'; hence phon. sṯꜢ in sṯꜢt 'aroura'. For an unknown reason det. in Ꜣs 'hasten'.

V3 𓍮

the same sign with three cords (Dyn. XVIII)

Phon. sṯꜢw in R-sṯꜢw 'necropolis', particularly that of the Memphitic god Sokar.

V4 𓍯

lasso

Cf. wꜢw 'lassoes'. hence phon. wꜢ, exx. wꜢ 'far'; wꜢḥ 'place', 'endure'.

V5 𓍰

looped rope

Det. in snṯ (śnṯ) 'plan', 'plot out', 'found'.

V6 𓍱

cord (in early exx. double and looped at top on left)

Ideo. or semi-ideo. or det. in šs, var. O.K. šś, 'cord', 'rope'. Hence phon. šs (šś), exx. šs 'alabaster'; išst 'what?'. There has been much confusion with 𓎤V33: (1) in the words 'linen', 'cloth', 'thing', 'concern' and 'corn', all originally reading śšr: however, the fact of the confusion, together with certain writings with metathesis šsr, make the usually accepted reading šs still just defensible, for final r usually falls; (2) as det. in ꜥrf 'tie up', 'pack'; (3) as phon. g in hieratic, where the two signs are not distinguished in early times; (4) as det. clothes, ex. isywt 'rags'; however, this employment to replace 𓋳S28 does not appear before Dyn. XIX.

V7 𓍲

loop of cord with the ends downward

Cf. šni 'encircle'. Hence phon. šn. exx. šn 'tree'; šnꜥ 'repel'.

V8 𓍵

alternative form of last (Dyn. XVIII)

Use as last.

V9 𓍶

cartouche in original round form

Det. in šnw 'cartouche'.

V10 𓍷

cartouche in secondary oval form

Det. in šnw 'circuit'; rn 'name'; also in names of kings and other royal personages, in which case the component signs are written inside it.

V11 𓍸

sign probably later taken to be a cartouche cut in half and reversed.

Det. in dni 'dam off', 'restrain'. The hieratic equivalent of the same sign serves also as det. in pḫꜢ 'split'. It seems doubtful whether the hieratic word usually transcribed as dyt (dwyt?) 'shriek' was originally written with this sign.

V12 𓍼

band of string or linen

Det. bind, exx. sšd 'head-band'; ꜥnḫ 'garland'; fḫ 'loose', whence fḫ 'depart'; from the last, phon. det. in tꜢw Fnḫw 'Phoenician lands'. det. papyrus-books, exx. šfdw 'papyrus'; snn 'deed'. Phon. or phon. det. ꜥrq (from ꜥrq 'bind on') in ꜥrq 'swear'; ꜥrqy 'last day' of the month.

V13 𓍿

rope for tethering animals

Cf. Pyr. ṯṯt 'fetterer (?)'. Phon. ṯ. Sometimes also, by a false archaism, for t.

V14 𓎀

the last, with an added diacritical tick

Phon. ṯ, both in hieroglyphic and hieratic, but apparently only in a few words, doubtless words in which the value ṯ had not changed into t, exx. ṯsi 'lift'; Ṯṯi 'Tjeti', a man's name.

V15 𓎁

combination of V 13 and D 54

In iṯi, in M.E. often iti, 'seize'.

V16 𓎂

looped cord serving as hobble for cattle

Ideo. in O.K. sꜢ (zꜢ) 'hobble'. Hence phon. sꜢ (zꜢ) in sꜢ 'protection'.

V17 𓎃

rolled up herdsman's shelter of papyrus (Dyn. XVIII)

Ideo. in sꜢ, var. Pyr. zꜢ, 'protection'.

V18 𓎄

O.K. form of last

Use as last.

V19 𓎅

hobble for cattle

Ideo. or det. in mḏt 'stable', '(cattle)-stall'. For unknown reasons, det. in tmꜢ (from ṯmꜢ ?) 'mat', whence phon. or phon. det. ṯmꜢ (tmꜢ) in ṯmꜢ 'cadaster (?)' or kind of land (?); in ẖꜢr 'sack' as measure of capacity; and in other names of woven or wickerwork objects. By confusion with an older sign for a palanquin or portable shrine, det. in qni 'palanquin', whence also in qni 'sheaf'; so too in kꜢr 'shrine'; possibly also in šṯyt, name of the sanctuary of Sokar in Memphis. To be distinguished carefully from Aa 19.

V20 𓎆

the same without the cross-bar (cf. V 21)

Cf. Syn. XIX mḏwt 'stables'. Hence phon. mḏ in mḏw '10'.

V21 𓎓

combination of V 20 and I 10 (Dyn. XII onward)

Ideo. in mḏt 'stable', 'cattle-stall'. Hence phon. mḏ in mḏ 'be deep' and derivatives. For see M 28.

V22 𓎔

whip (Dyn. XVIII)

For unknown reason, phon. mḥ, exx. mḥ 'fill'; mḥnyt 'the coiled one', name of a snake.

V23 𓎕

O.K. form of last

Use as last.

V24 𓎗

cord wound on a stick (O.K. and M.K. form)

For unkown reason, phon. wḏ (later wd), exx. wḏ 'command'; wḏḥ (for wdḥ) 'table of offerings'; wḏb 'turn'.

V25 𓎘

alternative form of last (Dyn. XVIII)

Use as last.

V26 𓎙

netting needle filled with twine

Ideo. in ꜥḏ, also ꜥd, 'spool', 'reel'. Hence phon. or phon. det. ꜥḏ, later ꜥd, ex. ꜥḏ, var. ꜥd, 'be in good condition'; also ꜥnḏ or ꜥnd, proved only in the case of mꜥndt, var. Pyr. mꜥnḏt, 'the morning-bark' of the sun-god.

V27 𓎚

O.K. form of last

Use as last.

V28 𓎛

wick of twisted flax

Cf. with a smilar sign, ḥꜥt 'wick'; hence phon. ḥ. As late det. once in tkꜢ 'candle'.

V29 𓎝

swab made from a hank of fibre (down to Dyn. XVIII identical for all uses)

Det. in O.K. śk 'wipe'; hence phon. sk (śk), ex. ski 'perish'. For unknown reason, phon. or phon. det. wꜢḥ, ex. wꜢḥ 'place', 'endure'. Also det. in ḫsr, var. Pyr. ḫśr, 'ward-off'. As corruption of a sign resembling M1, det. in mꜥr 'fortunate'.

V30 𓎟

wickerwork basket

Ideo. in nbt 'basket'. Hence phon. in a few words reading nb, exx. nb 'lord'; nb 'every', 'all'. For see O 9.

V31 𓎡

wickerwork basket with handle

For unknown reason, phon. k.

V31* 𓎢

the last, but with handle on opposite side

Regularly in hieratic except in rare O.K. examples.

V32 𓎣

wickerwork frail (possibly also used as a float by hippopotamus-hunters)

Det. in msnw, var. Dyn. mśn, 'harpooner'; hence (?) phon. msn (mśn) in Msn, a Lower Egyptian town near Qantarah. Possibly, but not certainly, the same sign in gꜢwt 'bundles', 'tribute'; hence phon. det. gꜢw in gꜢw 'be narrow', and related words.

V33 𓎤

bag of linen

Ideo. or det. in sšr, var. O.K. śšr, var. Dyn. XVIII šsr, 'linen', 'cloth', cf. especially the compound sšr-nsw, var. O.K. śšr-nzw, 'royal-linen', 'byssus'; the var. with V 6 makes the hitherto accepted reading šs-nsw possible for Dyn. XVIII, as final r frequently fell away. Hence phon. sšr in sšr, var. O.K. śšr, 'thing', 'concern'; also in sšr 'corn'. Perhaps through connection with the stem found in gꜢwt 'bundles' (see of V 32) or else with ggt 'kidney (?)' phon. g in a few words, exx. wgg 'misery'; Gbtyw 'Coptus', a town in Upper Egypt. Det. tie up, in ꜥrf 'tie up', 'pack', 'envelop'; also perfume, because kept in bags of linen, ex. sty 'perfume', cf. R 9. As det. clothes not before Dyn. XIX, and then mainly in the form V 6 (see on that sign). Note that in M.K. hieratic is indistinguishable from V 6; in hieroglyphic the two are very often confused.

V34 𓎦

alternative form of last (Dyn. XVIII)

Use as last.

V35 𓎧

receptacle of some kind

Use as last.

V36 𓎨

receptacle of some kind

Det. in ḥn (ḥnt ?), name of a receptacle given to a temple. Hence (?) phon. or phon. det. ḥn, exx. ḥnt 'occupations'; ḥnty 'period', 'end'.

V37 𓎩

bandage (?)

Det. in idr 'bandage', 'bind'. Phon. or phon. det. idr in idr 'herd'; note reading kꜢ n idr 'bull of herd'. For the confusion of and N 41 see AEO. ii. 258.

V38 𓎫

bandage (O.K.)

Det. in wt 'bandage', 'mummy-cloth'. Later replaced by Aa 2.

W1 𓎯

sealed oil jar

Det. oil, unguent, exx. mrḥt 'unguent'; mḏt 'ointment'.

W2 𓎰

sealed oil-jar, like W 1, but not showing tied ends

Det. in bꜢs (bꜢś) 'jar'. Phon. bꜢs (bꜢś) in BꜢstt, var. O.K. BꜢśtt, '(the cat-goddess) Bastet'.

W3 𓎱

basin of alabaster as used in purifications

Det. in O.K. 𓈙𓋴𓍱𓎱 šś var. 𓍱𓎱 'alabaster'. Perhaps on account of the purifications characteristic of feasts, det. in 𓎛𓃀𓎳 var. Dyn. XVIII 𓎛𓃀𓎱 ḥb 'feast'; hence semi-ideo. or phon. ḥb in 𓎛𓎱𓃀𓀜 ḥb 'mourn'. Abbrev. of 𓎛𓃀𓏏𓎱𓍼ḥbt 'ritual book' in 𓎴 W5. Det. feast, exx. 𓇷𓅂𓎱psḏntyw 'New Moon festival'; 𓍯𓎼𓎱WꜢg 'Wag-festival'.

W4 𓎳

combination of O 22 and W 3

Ideo. or det. in ḥb 'feast'. Det. feast (much rarer in M.E. than alone), ex. tp-rnpt 'feast of the first of the year'.

W5 𓎴

combination of T 28 and W 3

In ẖry-ḥbt 'lector-priest', lit. 'he who is under (i.e. carries) the ritual book'.

W6 𓎵

O.K. sign for a particular vessel

In. wḥt 'cauldron'. Later replaced by Aa 2.

W7 𓎶

granite bowl (Dyn. XVIII)

Det. in mꜢt, var. O.K. mꜢṯ, 'red granite'; hence phon. det. mꜢṯ in mꜢṯ 'proclaim'. Det. in Ꜣbw 'Elephantine', as source of the red granite; hence phon. det. Ꜣb in Ꜣbt 'family'.

W8 𓎷

deformation of the last (Dyn. XI)

In Ꜣbw 'Elephantine' and Ꜣbt 'family', see on W 7. The same sign may serve as the earlier form of gꜢw 'V 32.

W9 𓎸

stone jug with handle

Det. in nẖnm, var. Pyr. nšnm, 'the nẖnm-vase' with its specified oil. Hence (?) phon. ẖnm, exx. H̱nmw '(the ram-headed god) Khnum'; ẖnm 'join'.

W10 𓎺

cup (probably sometimes also a basket, cf. A 9)

Det. in iꜥb, var. ꜥꜥb, 'cup'; hence phon. or phon. det. iꜥb, ex. iꜥb 'unite'; ꜥb, ex. m-ꜥb 'in the company of'. Det. in wsḫ (wśḫ) 'cup'; hence phon. or phon. det. wsḫ (wśḫ), exx. wsḫ 'be wide'; wsḫt 'hall'; sḫw in sḫw 'width'. Det. in ḥnt 'cup'; hence phon. ḥnt in ḥnwt 'mistress'. Det. in ꜥ 'cup'. In words reading biꜢ sometimes replaces older N 41, ex. biꜢw 'rare treasures'.

W10* 𓎻

pot perhaps used also as lamp (O.K.)

Phon. bꜢ in conjunction with G 29, ex. bꜢ 'soul', or with E 10, ex. BꜢ-pf(i) 'Bapfi', a god. Later superseded in these uses by R 7.

W11 𓎼

(1) ring-stand for jars, (2) red earthenware pot (Dyn. XVIII form, round at bottom)

(1) Ideo. or det. in nst 'seat'. For unknown reason, phon. g. (2) Ideo. or det. in dšrt 'red pot'. (3) Occasionally substituted for O 45 in Dyn. XVIII, ex. ipt nsw 'king's harem'.

W12 𓎽

ring-stand (O.K. form, straight at bottom)

Use as last, in O.K. nśt 'seat' and as phon. g.

W13 𓎾

red earthenware pot (O.K. form, round at bottom and plain)

Use as W 11, in O.K. dšrt 'red pot'. In M.K. a sign of this appearance is used for N 34.

W14 𓎿

tall water-pot

Ideo. or det. in ḥst, var. O.K. ḥzt, 'water-pot'; hence phon. ḥs (ḥz), ex. ḥsi 'praise'. Det. also in snb(t), var. Pyr. znbt, 'jar'.

W15 𓏁

water-pot with water pouring from it

Det. in qbb 'be cool' and derivatives; also in qbḥ 'libate'.

W16 𓏂

the same in a ring-stand W 12

Ideo. or det. in qbḥw 'libation' and the related words. Much more rarely det. in qbb 'be cool'.

W17 𓏃

water-pots in a rack (Dyn. XII-XVII)

Ideo. in ḫntw 'racks for water-pots'. Hence phon. ḫnt, ex. ḫnt 'in front of' and derivatives.

W18 𓏅

O.K. form of last

Use as last.

W19 𓏇

milk-jug as carried in a net

Det. in mhr 'milk-jug'. From a probably obsolete word mr 'milk-jug', phon. mi (old mr), exx. mi, var. Pyr. mr, 'like'; dmi 'town'; min 'today'.

W20 𓏈

milk-jug with a leaf covering the milk

Det. in irtt, var. O.K. irṯt, 'milk'.

W21 𓏉

twin wine-jars

Det. in irp 'wine'.

W22 𓏊

beer-jug

Ideo. or det. in ḥnqt 'beer'. Det. pot, measure, exx. qrḥt 'vessel'; ds (O.K. dś) 'des-measure'; offerings generally, in inw 'tribute'; notions connected with fluids, ex. tḫi 'be drunken'. As det. in the group 'food and drink', see on X 2. Ideo. in wdpw 'butler'.

W23 𓏋

jar with handles

Use as last, but not specially in connection with beer. Exx. qrḥt 'vessel'; wrḥ 'anoint'. Also in wdpw 'butler', see on W 22.

W24 𓏌

bowl

Phon. nw, exx. nw (nyw) 'of', m. plur.; Nwt '(the goddess) Nut', probably so to be read (in spite of an obscure Pyr. var.) ḥnw 'vessel'. For preferred writing of initial nw see on U 19; final nw is sometimes written , exx. mnw 'monument'; Ṯḥnw 'Libya'. Great difficulty is caused by 'primeval waters', which may have existed in two distince forms (1) niw or nww or nw, (2) nnw or nwnw. Phon. also in (cf. W 25) in ink 'I'. Phon. det. in ḏꜢḏꜢt 'council'; whether the former writing has anything to do with ḏꜢḏꜢw 'pot' is doubtful. So too from M.K. used in such words as qd 'build'; qd 'form'; the only phon. det. here is due to the stem meaning of qdi 'go round', while the later may be connected with qd 'fashion' pots. From M.K. onwards inexplically accompanies Aa 17, exx. nḏ 'protect'; nḏ 'ask'; and is found also in Nḫbt '(the goddess) Nekhbet'. The writing for m-ẖnw 'in', lit. 'in the interior (of)' has been explained as a rebus m(w) ẖ(r) nw 'water under pot'. Lastly, W24 occurs as occasional alternative to or as det. pot; hieratic often fails to distinguish these signs.

W25 𓏎

combination of W 24 and D 54

In ini 'bring', 'fetch'.

(N18)X 𓈀

alternative form of last

Use as last.

X1 𓏏

bread

Ideo. (or semi-phon. t) in t 'bread'; (the accepted reading tꜢ has no justification). Hence phon. t. Note the spellings for it-nṯr 'god's father', name of a class of elder priests. In group-writing with and is used for t. For see M 5.

X2 𓏐

loaf

Det. bread, exx. t 'bread'; šns 'šns-loaf'. For t in group writing see on X 1. The groups or with , representing bread and beer with or without another sign for bread, occur as generic det. food, exx. prt-ḫrw 'invocation offerings'; šꜢb meal'; expanded still further in ḥtp(w)-nṯr 'divine offerings'. On M.K. coffins sometimes replaces in Ḏḥwty 'Thoth' for superstitious reasons, and a similar or identical group serves also rarely for Gb '(the earth-god) Geb' or for I͗npw 'Anubis'. From the end of Dyn. XVIII is found as var. of it-nṯr 'god's father', a priestly title, see above under X1.

X3 𓏑

alternative form of last

Use as last. For as the earliest form of N 34 see on that sign.

X4 𓏒

roll of bread

Det. bread, food. exx. t 'bread'; prt-ḫrw 'invocation offerings'; snw 'food-offerings'. From this last, phon. det. sn (zn), exx. sni 'pass by'; Sni 'Senet', a fem. personal name; cf. also Pyr. iznii 'are opened'. In sni 'pass by' and snt 'likeness' X 4 is subsequently replaced by X 5, while Pyr. in zn 'open' later takes the form N 37, see on that sign. Also from fqꜢ 'cake', phon. det. fqꜢ in fqꜢ 'reward'. As det. sometimes takes the place of W 3 (Dyns. XI. XII), ex. ḥbw 'festivals'.

X5 𓏕

semi-hieratic form of X 4

Det. bread, food (in hieratic only), exx. t 'bread'; ꜥqw 'provisions'. From Dyn. XII usually takes the place of as phon. det. sn in hieroplyphic sni 'surpass'; m-snt-r 'in the likeness of'.

X6 𓏖

a round loaf bearing mark of the baker's fingers

Det. in pꜢt 'loaf'. Hence phon. det. in pꜢt 'antiquity', 'primeval times' and the related words. Apt to be confused with N 9.

X7 𓏘

half-loaf of bread

In. O.K. offerings-lists described as gśw 'half-loaves' or pḏw '(pieces) spread out'. In Pyr. doubled is ideo. or det. food, exx. wšb 'eat'; wnm 'eat'. After O.K. becomes indistinguishable from N 29 and is practically confined to the word wnm 'eat'. Exceptionally, however, as det. in snw 'food-offerings'.

X8 𓏙

conical loaf ? (in M.E. more often replaced by D 37)

Ideo. give, in rdi 'give' and also in Pyr. for the more usual imperative imi 'give'. The use in both stems seems conclusively for the ideographic character of the sign. Possibly the earliest reading of the later stem rdi was rḏi, cf. the Pyr. var. for rḏw 'efflux'; but verb forms with repetition of the sign doubtless indicate the reading dd; so in Pyr. already. From the same stem, phon. d (very rare), ex. dq(r) 'fruit'. The word 'provisions' probably reads di; in hieratic the inner markings are not shown, see before Z 9, and the word has, therefore, often been read śpd.

Y1 𓏛

papyrus rolled up, tied, and sealed (from Dyn. XII on also vertically)

Ideo. in mḏꜢt 'papyrus-roll', 'book'. Hence phon. mḏꜢt in mḏꜢt '(sculptor's) chisel'. Det. writing and things written, exx. sš 'write'; m(w)dt 'word'; ḥqꜢ 'magic'; also abstract notions, exx. mꜢꜥt 'truth'; mꜢw(y) 'be new'; rḫ 'know'; ꜥꜢ 'great'. In mathematical books and accounts is often abbrev. for dmd 'total'.

Y2 𓏝

O.K. form of last (also vertically from Pyr. on in specific cases)

Use as last.

Y3 𓏞

scribe's outfit, consisting of palatte, bag for the powedered pigments, and reed holder

Ideo. or det. in mnhd 'scribe's outfit'; also in sšw 'writings' and the related words, cf. O.K. zš 'write'. Perhaps because pigments were ground fine and smooth, det. in nꜥꜥ 'smooth'; in the Ebers medical papyrus it is used as abbrev. for snꜥꜥ 'made smooth', 'ground fine'. Also det. of the Pyr. word ṯms 'red' with its later derivative tmsw 'injury', 'harm'.

Y4 𓏟

rarer alternative form of last

Use as last.

Y5 𓏠

draught-board (znt)

For unknown reason, phon. mn, exx. mn 'remain'; I͗mn '(the god) Amun'; mnḥ 'wax'.

Y6 𓏡

draughtsman

Ideo. or det. in ib(Ꜣ) 'draughtsman'. Hence phon. ibꜢ in ibꜢ(w), 'dances'.

Y7 𓏢

harp

Det. in bnt (bint) 'harp'.

Y8 𓏣

sistrum

Ideo. or det. in sššt 'sistrum'. Between dyn. XIII-XVIII occasionally phon. sḫm (because of sḫm, a kind of sistrum), ex. sḫm-ir(y).f 'potentate'.

(M44) 𓇮

triangle?

(N33) 𓈒

circle

Z1 𓏤

stroke (perhaps properly a wooden dowel)

Ideo. or det. one, unity, exx. wꜥ 'one', 7 'seven', lit. 'seven units'. Following an ideogram denotes that this means the actual thing that it depicts, exx. r 'mouth'; ḏw 'mountain'; so too in duals and plurals, exx. ꜥwy 'the two arms'; sbꜢw 'stars'; ḫꜢswt 'countries'; in fem. nouns the fem. ending t often intervenes, ex. ḥst 'water-jar'. Such writings were often preceded in O.K. by phonetic signs; M.E. survivals of this practice are s 'man'; hrw 'day'. Ideo. with is occasionally followed by a det., ex. Rꜥ 'Ra'. Misunderstanding of the function of often leads to its displacement, exx. with s 'man'; š 'pool'. Also with with a later writing of tꜢ 'earth'; dmi 'town' is likewise difficult to explain, as also are many later exx. of the stroke. Already in Pyr. cases occur of ideo. with being together transferred to a phonetic use; so often in M.E., exx. ḥr 'upon'; sꜢ 'son'; so particularly in group-writing, exx. r; ṯ. Along similar lines with as det. towns. Occasionally in Dyn XII serves merely to fill empty space. In Pyr. was sometimes used (like diagonal stroke and ) to replace human figures, these being regarded as magically dangerous; so in M.K. coffins, exx. for i 'O'; extensions of this use appear to be the rare employment of as suffix 1st pers. sing. i 'I'; perhaps also the fairly common writing with replacing in s 'man.

Z2 𓏥

stroke Z 1 thrice repeated (with various writings, vertical etc.)

Det. plurality, common from Dyn. IX onwards, following an ideo. or det. to show that it should be understood three times, exx. after for rnpwt 'years' for O.K. ; also with nḏsw 'poor men'. Examples occur already in Pyr., but very rarely, ex. mrw 'canals'; these suggest as origin of the use a contraction of plurals like into plus , but since are found as plur. det. from Dyn. VI onward (exx. wꜢwt 'roads', nḏsw 'poor men') the use of as plur. det. cannot be dissociated entirely from the employment of , , or in Pyr. as substitute for signs representing human figures which were regarded as magically dangerous; see on Z 1; Z 5; N 33. In. M.E. Z 2 is found also with purely phonetic signs, exx. wrw 'great ones'; nfrw 'beautiful', m. plur.; nfrt 'beautiful', f. plur. Sometimes it marks plural meaning in words that are not themselves plural, exx. sn 'their'; ẖnyt 'sailors', a fem. collective; ꜥšꜢ 'many'; such plural meaning was probably felt by the Egyptians in words denoting foodstuffs, materials, etc., though singular in form, exx. t 'bread'; iwf 'flesh'; ḥḏ 'silver'; so too in fem. participles with neuter meaning, exx. ḏddt 'what was said', '(things) said'. Lastly, is found with abstracts ending in w, whether these are really plurals or not, exx. šmsw 'following'; nḏsw 'poverty'; soo too with fem. infinitives, if such they be, ex. mswt 'birth'. For the same sign vertically written in hieratic, see under Z 3 (occurs also as phon. det. in ḫmt 'think'). For see on N33.

Z3 𓏪

stroke Z1, thrice repeatedvertically

Use as last, common in hieroglyphic from Dyn. XII, rarer in hieratic. For see on N 33.

Z4 𓏭

two diagonal strokes (less often written straight)

In Pyr. only as det. duality, exx. ṯn(i) 'you two' (cf. for the ending śni 'they two'); ꜥw(i), also ꜥw(y), 'the two arms'; and in O.K., ex. pḥw(i) 'end'. In some cases replaced human figures, these being deemed to be magically dangerous, exx. Ꜣḫt(i) 'the two glorious ones' for sꜢt(i) 'son and daughter'; t(w)twi 'the two images'. The last use survives in M.E. Šdty 'Crocodilopolite', where, however, the hieratic replaces, not dangerous singns, but signs difficult to draw; see below Z 5. Elsewhere in M.E. is always phon. y, through its constant association earlier with words of dual form, i.e. ending in i (y); exx. are .fy, var. Pyr. . fi, 'his two'; imnty 'western'; sḏmty.fy 'who will hear'. Except in compounds like the last y is always final consonant; it has its distinct uses, and is seldom interchangeable with it.

Z5 𓏯

diagonal stroke as made in hieratic

Identical in origin with stroke being used in Pyr. as substitute for human figures, these being considered magically dangerous, ex. śmśw 'elder' with replacing . In M.E. hieratic used only to replace dets. that were difficult to draw, exx. Ꜣt 'moment' with replacing . In hieratic texts of dyn. XVIII sometimes in personal names without preceding phon. signs for B 3, ex. I͗ꜥḥ-ms(w) 'Ahmose'. Only very rarely to replace complicated or unusual signs in Dyn. XVIII hieroglyphic, ex. idt 'cow'. Hieratic as substituted for two dets. (see on Z 4) is merely a doubling of .

Z6 𓏱

hieratic substitutes for A 13 or A 14

Det. death, enemy, exx. m(w)t 'die'; ḫpt 'decease'; ḫft(y) 'enemy'. In hieroglyphic barely distinguishable from F 20.

Z7 𓏲

hieroglyphic adaption of the hieratic abbreviated form of G 43

The hieratic abbreviation of G 43, best transcribed by , occurs with increasing frequency from Dyn. IX onwards. In hieroglyphic w does not become really common until the reign of Akhenaten. Not to be confused with V 1. For as hieroglyphic adaption of the more cursive hieratic form of G 39, see on H 8. For as hieroglyphic equivalent of the hieratic forms of T 13 and U 39, see U 40.

Z8 𓏳

oval

Det. round, in šnw 'circuit' and the related words. A different sign from N 18.

Z9 𓏴

two sticks crossed

Det. break, exx. ḥḏi 'damage'; gmgm 'break'; divide, exx. wpi 'divide'; psš 'divide'; ḫbi 'lessen', 'subtract'; actions involving something crossed or encountered, exx. ḏꜢi 'cross'; wšb 'answer'; Ꜣbḫ 'be united'; also in many words where the reason is not apparent, exx. nkt 'matter', 'trifle'; tꜢš 'boundary'; wdi 'emit (sound)'. In ḥsb, var. O.K. ḥśb, 'reckon', lit. 'break up (numbers)' (Z 10), the prototype of , has become Aa 2; but in ḥsb '1/4' the sign has survived as an ideo. Owing to its use as det. in certain stems, has acquired special phon. or semi-phon. values as follows: (1) swꜢ, in swꜢi (śwꜢi) 'pass by', from swꜢ (zwꜢ) 'cut off'; (2) sḏ, in śḏt 'flame', from sḏi 'break'; (3) ḫbs, in ḫbsw 'ploughlands'; (4) šbn, in šbn 'mixed', 'various'; (5) wp, in wp st 'specify it', a phrase serving to introduce details of accounts; (6) wr (reason unknown), exx. sw(r)i 'drink'; ḫpr-wr, a medicament.

Z10 𓏵

O.K. form of last

Use as last.

Z11 𓏶

two planks crossed and joined

Ideo. (?) in imy 'who is in' and derivatives. Hence (?) phon. imi, ex. imi 'not be'. Since hieratic is often identical with M 42, dyn. XVIII hieroglyphic writes for in wnm 'eat'; so too in wnḏwt 'subjects'.

Aa1 𓐍

human placenta ?

Cf. ḫ 'placenta (?)'. Hence (?) phon. ḫ.

Aa2 𓐎

pustule or gland ?

Det. bodily growths or conditions, especially of a morbid kind, exx. wbnw 'wound'; ḫꜢyt 'disease'; wḫd 'suffer'; ẖpꜢ 'navel' (whence phon. ẖp(Ꜣ) in ḫpw 'sculptured reliefs'); fat, distended, exx. ḏdꜢ 'fat'; šfꜢ 'swell'. Replaces a number of O.K. signs that have become obsolete:--(1) = Pyr V 38, as ideo. or det. in wt 'bandage'; wt 'embalmer'; sdwḫ 'treat', 'embalm'. (2) = Z 10, as det. in ḥsb 'reckon'; everywhere else has survived as Z 9. (3) = Pyr F 52 or O.K. N 32, as det. excrement, in ḥs 'excrement'; smell, in sty 'odor'; clay, in sin 'clay'. (4) = O.K. W 6, as ideo. or det. in wḥꜢt 'cauldron'; hence phon. wḥꜢ in WḥꜢt 'Oasis'. (5) = W 7, as det. in mꜢt 'granite'; Ꜣbw 'Elephantine'. (6) = V 32, det. in gw, prob. for gꜢwt 'bundles'; hence phon. det. gꜢ in gꜢw 'be narrow'. (7) = M 41, det. in ꜥš 'cedar'.

Aa3 𓐏

pustule or gland (?) Aa 2 with liquid issuing from it

Rarer alternative of in its medical or anatomical use, as det. when soft matter or a liquid is meant, exx. wsšt 'urine'; Ꜣs 'soft inner parts (?)'. Also det. in sṯ 'odor'.

(Aa4) 𓐐

See after 𓎺 W10*

Aa5 𓐑

part of the steering gear of ships ?

Ideo. or det. in Pyr. ḥpt in phrase iṯi ḥpt 'take the ḥpt', i.e. 'proceed by boat', r a place; cf. M.K. ḏsr ḥpwt 'direct the ḥpwt' (plur.), i.e. 'sail'. From M.K. there is a word ḥpt 'oar', but the writing in Pyr. makes it impossible to interpret that word as meaning 'oar' from the start. Hence phon. ḥp, exx. Ḥpy 'Hepy', one of the four sons of Horus; ḥp 'Apis-bull'. The full stem may have been ḥip, cf. Pyr. ḥip 'hasten'.

Aa6 𓐒

doubtful (different from S 23)

Det. in 𓏏𓌳𓐒 tmꜢ (from ṯmꜢ?) 'mat'. Hence (?) phon. det. ṯmꜢ in 𓍿𓌳𓐒 var. 𓍿𓌳𓎅𓈅 ṯmꜢ 'cadaster (?)' or kind of land (?).

Aa7 𓐓

doubtful (in Dyn. XVIII often reversed)

Det. or phon. det. sqr (śqr) in 𓋴𓈎𓂋𓐓 varr. 𓋴𓐓𓌈, 𓐓, 𓋴𓈎𓂋𓌪𓂝 sqr (śqr) 'smite'.

Aa8 𓐖

irrigation runnels as in N 24 ?

Ideo. or det. in 𓍑𓏏𓏏𓐖 var. 𓐖𓏏𓏏ḏꜢtt 'estate' in the title 𓄓𓏤𓉐𓏤𓈖𓍑𓏏𓏏𓐖 'steward of estate'; the meaning of ḏꜢtt and the interpretation of 𓐖 here depends on the not improbable identification of this title with 𓅓𓂋𓉐𓏤𓈖𓈈𓏏𓏤 (var. 𓈙𓏏𓏤) in another tomb of Dyn. XII; the words 𓐖𓏏𓊖 'estate' would in this case read ḏꜢtt. Hence phon. det. in Dyn. XVIII 𓍑𓍑𓏌𓏏𓐖𓀀𓏥 O.K. 𓍑𓆓𓈒𓏏𓀀𓀀𓀀 ḏꜢḏꜢt 'magistrates', 'assesors'. For an unknown reason, phon. qn, exx. 𓐖𓈖𓏛 qn 'complete', 'be complete'; 𓐖𓈖𓎅 qn 'mat'. In hieratic 𓐖 sometimes stands not only for itself but also for certain other signs, whence confusion have resulted both in modern transcriptions and in actual hieroglyphic texts. Thus 𓐖 is found for (1) 𓈈 N 24 in hierogl. 𓐖𓏏𓏤 spꜢt 'district'; (2) for 𓎙 V 26 in hieratic 𓐖𓆓𓈇𓏤 var. 𓐖𓈇 ꜥḏ 'desert edge'. Possibly with some confusion with 𓊃 O 34, 𓐖𓏏𓈉 is found used in Dyn. XVIII hieroglyphic for smt 'desert', 'necropolis', as a mediating var. 𓋴𓏏𓅓𓐖𓏏𓈅𓏤𓈉 proves; for this reason the name of the Dyn. I king 𓍷𓐖𓏏𓏭 vꜥr. 𓍷𓐖𓏏𓏭𓈉 is possibly to be read Zmty rather than ḪꜢsty.

Aa9 𓐗

doubtful

Det. in 𓐍𓅱𓂧𓐗 ḫwd 'rich'.

Aa10 𓐘

doubtful

Det. in 𓂧𓂋𓆑𓐘𓏛 drf 'writing'.

Aa11 𓐙

doubtful (sometimes vertically)

For an unkown reason, phon. mꜢꜥ in 𓌳𓐙𓂝𓏏𓆄 var. 𓐙𓏏𓏛 mꜢꜥt 'truth' and the related words. Note specifically often the writing with 𓐙𓊤 mꜢꜥ-ḫrw 'true of voice'. As a pedastal det. in 𓍿𓈖𓏏𓏏𓐙 ṯntt 'raised platform', a unique writing (?). For 𓌶, 𓌷, see U 4, U 5.

Aa12 𓐚

O.K. form of last

Use as last.

Aa13 𓐛

hardly the two ribs of an oryx as has been suggested

Ideo. or det. in O.K. 𓇋𓅓𓐛 im, plur. 𓐛𓐛𓐛 imw, a part of the body. Hence (?) phon. im, exx. 𓇋𓅓𓐛𓂟 imi 'give', imper.; 𓇋𓐛𓅓𓅱𓊛 imw 'boat'; also, from Dyn. XVIII on, phon. m. Ideo. also in 𓐛 var. 𓐞 gs, var. Pyr. 𓎼𓋴𓐜, 𓐜𓏤 gś 'side', 'half'. Hence phon. gs, exx. 𓐛𓊃𓏊𓀜 var. 𓎼𓊃𓂝 gs 'anoint'; 𓐛𓏤𓍘𓇋𓆱 gsti 'palette'.

Aa14 𓐜

O.K. form of last

Use as last.

Aa15 𓐝

alternative form of 𓐛 Aa 13 (Dyn. XVIII)

Use as last.

Aa16 𓐞

short form of Aa 13

Used only in 𓐞 var. 𓐞𓏤 gs 'side', 'half' and as phon. gs.

Aa17 𓐟

back of something (O.K. and M.K. form)

Ideo. in 𓐟 sꜢ (śꜢ) 'back', Copitc soi. Hence phon. sꜢ (śꜢ), exx. 𓋴𓐟𓄿𓅱𓏏𓊅𓊅𓊅 sꜢwt 'walls'; 𓋴𓐟𓄿𓀁 sꜢi 'be satiated'; 𓈙𓋴𓐟𓄿𓄃𓏛 šsꜢ 'be skilled'.

Aa18 𓐠

Dyn. XII-XVIII form of last

Use as last. In group-writing 𓐠 or 𓐠𓏤 is used for s.

Aa19 𓐡

doubtful (different from V 19)

For unkown reason, phon. det. ḥr, exx. 𓁷𓂋𓐡𓂡 ḥr 'prepare'; 𓁷𓂋𓇋𓇋𓏏𓐡𓂡𓏥 ḥryt 'dread'. Also det. in 𓅷𓄿𓂋𓐡𓂡 ṯꜢr 'preserve (?)' and derivatives.

Aa20 𓐢

doubtful

For unknown reason, phon. ꜥpr in 𓐢𓂋𓏛 var. 𓂝𓊪𓂋𓐢 ꜥpr 'equip' and derivatives.

Aa21 𓐣

a carpenter's tool ?

Ideo. (?) or det. in 𓐣𓂝𓏛 varr. 𓐤, 𓅱𓆓𓂝𓐣 O.K. 𓅱𓆓𓐣 wḏꜥ 'sever', 'judge'. In M.K. coffins 𓐣 or 𓐣𓀭 is sometimes used as a substitute for the god 𓃩 Stẖ 'Seth'.

Aa22 𓐤

combination of 𓐣 Aa 21 and 𓂝 D 36

Use as last.

Aa25 𓐧

doubtful

Ideo. (?) in 𓐧𓀀 var. 𓄥𓄿 smꜢ, var. O.K. 𓋴𓐧 ś(mꜢ), title of a priest whose function consisted in clothing the god (Min, Horus, etc.).

Aa26 𓐨

doubtful

Phon. det. sbi (śbi) in 𓋴𓃀𓇋𓐨𓀏 sbi (śbi) 'rebel'. Often replaced by 𓌙 T 14.

Aa27 𓐩

doubtful

For an unknown reason, phon. nḏ, exx. 𓐩𓏌𓀁 varr. 𓈖𓆓𓐩𓏌𓀁, 𓐩𓆓𓏌 nḏ 'ask', 'inquire'; 𓐩𓏌𓐩𓏌 var. 𓈖𓆓𓈖𓆓𓐩𓏌𓀁 nḏnḏ 'take counsel'. Except in 𓇋𓐩𓆓𓏛𓁷𓏤 inḏ ḥr 'hail to' 𓐩 is usually accompanied in M.E. by 𓏌 W 24.

Aa28 𓐪

an instrument used by bricklayers ? (different from M 40 and P 11)

Ideo. (?) in 𓐪𓂧𓏌𓀨 var. 𓈎𓂧𓐪𓀨 qd 'build', 'fashion (pots)' and related words.

Aa29 𓐫

O.K. form of last

Use as last.

Aa30 𓐬

ornamental chevaux de frise on top of walls, cf. O 11 (sometimes written horizontally)

Ideo. or det. in 𓌨𓎡𓂋𓐬ẖkr 'be adorned'; 𓐬𓅱𓏛𓈒𓈒𓈒ẖkrw 'ornament', 'adornment' and the related words.

Aa31 𓐭

O.K. form of last

Use as last.

Gardiner Sign List

A, Man and his occupations

B, Woman and her occupations

C, Anthropomorphic deities

D, Parts of the human body

E, Mammals

F, Parts of mammals

G, Birds

H, Parts of birds

I, Amphibious animals

K, Fishes and parts of fishes

L, Invertebrata and lesser animals

M, Trees and plants

N, Sky

O, Buildings

P, Ships and parts of ships

Q, Domestic and funerary furniture

R, Temple furniture and sacred emblems

S, Crowns

T, Warfare

U, Agriculture

V, Rope

W, Vessels of stone and earthenware

X, Loaves and cakes

Y, Writings

Z, Strokes

Aa, Unclassified

Tall Narrow Signs

Low Broad Signs

Low Narrow Signs